Misspecifications in structural equation modeling: The choice of latent variables, causal-formative constructs or composites
结构方程建模中构念类型选择的误设问题
Empirical research in many social disciplines involves constructs that are not directly observable, such as behaviors. To model them, constructs must be operationalized using their relations with indicators. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is the primary approach for this purpose. In SEM, three types of constructs are distinguished: latent variables, causal-formative constructs, and composites. To estimate the parameters of the different models, various estimators have…