Mixed difference integer-valued GARCH model for $ \mathbb{Z}$-valued time series
适用于整数值时间序列的混合差分整数值 GARCH 模型
In this paper, we introduce flexible observation-driven $\mathbb{Z}$-valued time series models constructed from mixtures of negative and non-negative components. Compared to models based on the standard Skellam distribution or on a difference of two integer-valued variables, our specification offers greater versatility. For example, it easily allows for skewness and bimodality. Furthermore, the observation of one component of the mixture makes interpretation and statistical…