Retrospective causal inference via matrix completion, with an evaluation of the effect of European integration on cross-border employment
通过矩阵补全进行回溯因果推断：欧洲一体化与跨境就业
We propose a method of retrospective counterfactual imputation in panel data settings with later-treated and always-treated units, but no never-treated units. We use the observed outcomes to impute the counterfactual outcomes of the later-treated using a matrix completion estimator. We propose a novel propensity-score and elapsed-time weighting of the estimator's objective function to correct for differences in the observed covariate and unobserved fixed effects…