E-Backtesting Expected Shortfall without Value-at-Risk Forecasts under Time-series Models
无需VaR预测的期望损失E-回测:时间序列模型下的方法AI 解读 ↓
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AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要主题为期望损失与VaR的尾部风险回测,且方法明确建立在AR-GARCH时间序列结构上,故选取尾部与系统性风险及时间序列两个方向。
无需VaR预测的期望损失E-回测:时间序列模型下的方法AI 解读 ↓
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Expected Shortfall (ES) measures the average size of tail losses. Its sequential backtests typically also require a Value-at-Risk (VaR) forecast. We develop two e-backtesting methods using only observed losses and ES forecasts: one for iid losses only and the other for time series under an AR-GARCH conditional VaR structure. Under the stated assumptions, both control false rejections at any stopping time. For the time-series method, validity requires a fixed parameter--quantile pair representing the conditional VaR path and a positive report margin. The time-series statistic takes an infimum over possible parameter and VaR values. We choose the betting process $(λ_t)$ by maximizing an empirical growth rate averaged across candidate parameters. We compute the statistic by continuous VaR profiling on a dense parameter grid. For grid approximations, we prove convergence to the continuous infimum, together with convergence of the probability of false rejection, as the grid is refined over a fixed monitoring period. Lower and upper bounds for the VaR infimum on the parameter grid control the accuracy of the numerical profiling. Simulations, including ES reports that change from over-reporting to under-reporting, and an application to daily NASDAQ losses provide numerical comparisons with VaR--ES e-processes and fixed-sample ES backtests, assessing detection frequencies and the timing of rejections.