From Rotational to Scalar Invariance: Enhancing Identifiability in Score-Driven Factor Models
从旋转不变性到标量不变性:提升得分驱动因子模型的可识别性AI 解读 ↓
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从旋转不变性到标量不变性:提升得分驱动因子模型的可识别性AI 解读 ↓
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We show that, for a certain class of scaling matrices including the inverse square-root of the conditional Fisher information, score-driven factor models are identifiable up to a multiplicative scalar constant under very mild restrictions. This result has no analogue in parameter-driven models, as it exploits the different structure of the score-driven factor dynamics. Consequently, score-driven factor models overcome the issue of rotational invariance that typically affects dynamic factor models, thereby enhancing the economic and financial interpretability of the estimated factors. Our restrictions are order-invariant and can be generalized to score-driven factor models with dynamic loadings and nonlinear factor models. We test extensively the identification strategy using simulated and real data. The empirical analysis on financial and macroeconomic data reveals a substantial increase of log-likelihood ratios and significantly improved out-of-sample forecast performance when switching from the classical restrictions adopted in the literature to our more flexible specifications.