Forecasting with panel data: Estimation uncertainty versus parameter heterogeneity
面板数据预测:估计不确定性与参数异质性AI 解读 ↓
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面板数据预测:估计不确定性与参数异质性AI 解读 ↓
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We provide a comprehensive examination of the predictive accuracy of panel forecasting methods based on individual, pooling, fixed effects, and empirical Bayes estimation, and propose optimal weights for forecast combination schemes. We consider linear panel data models, allowing for weakly exogenous regressors and correlated heterogeneity. We quantify the gains from exploiting panel data and demonstrate how forecasting performance depends on the degree of parameter heterogeneity, whether such heterogeneity is correlated with the regressors, the goodness‐of‐fit of the model, and the dimensions of the data. Monte Carlo simulations and empirical applications to house prices and CPI inflation show that empirical Bayes and forecast combination methods perform best overall and rarely produce the least accurate forecasts for individual series.