Estimating spillovers using panel data, with an application to the classroom
利用面板数据估计溢出效应:课堂应用AI 解读 ↓
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利用面板数据估计溢出效应:课堂应用AI 解读 ↓
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Obtaining consistent estimates of spillovers in an educational context is hampered by at least two issues: selection into peer groups and peer effects emanating from unobservable characteristics. We develop an algorithm for estimating spillovers using panel data that addresses both of these problems. The key innovation is to allow the spillover to operate through the fixed effects of a student's peers. The only data requirements are multiple outcomes per student and heterogeneity in the peer group over time. We first show that the nonlinear least squares estimate of the spillover parameter is consistent and asymptotically normal for a fixed T. We then provide an iterative estimation algorithm that is easy to implement and converges to the nonlinear least squares solution. Using University of Maryland transcript data, we find statistically significant peer effects on course grades, particularly in courses of a collaborative nature. We compare our method with traditional approaches to the estimation of peer effects, and quantify separately the biases associated with selection and spillovers through peer unobservables.
存在干扰时合成控制的稳健回归方法
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利用大时间维度面板数据估计未观测的横截面网络连接
We propose a simple three-step method to estimate the cross-sectional interdependence in a customary network econometric model with an unobserved network and a large T. First, we estimate the reduced-form model to construct instruments for the endogenous peer outcomes. Second, we use two-stage least squares to estimate the direct and contextual effects of the exogenous regressors, as well as the endogenous peer effect. Third, we estimate the network weight matrix. Monte…