The consistency of the BIC Markov order estimator
BIC 马尔可夫阶数估计量的一致性AI 解读 ↓
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BIC 马尔可夫阶数估计量的一致性AI 解读 ↓
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The Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) estimates the order of a Markov chain (with finite alphabet $A$) from observation of a sample path $x_1, x_2,\dots, x_n$, as that value $k = \hat{k}$ that minimizes the sum of the negative logarithm of the $k$th order maximum likelihood and the penalty term $\frac{|A|^k(|A|-1)}{2}\log n$. We show that $\hat{k}$ equals the correct order of the chain, eventually almost surely as $n \rightarrow \infty$, thereby strengthening earlier consistency results that assumed an apriori bound on the order. A key tool is a strong ratio-typicality result for Markov sample paths.We also show that the Bayesian estimator or minimum description length estimator, of which the BIC estimator is regarded as an approximation, fails to be consistent for the uniformly distributed i.i.d. process.
Hájek 卷积定理的二阶扩展及统计应用
For a class of regular estimators, Hájek, in his celebrated ``Convolution Theorem,'' showed that the asymptotic distribution of a regular estimator is the convolution of the distribution of an efficient estimator and some residual distribution. This result constitutes the foundation of the concept of asymptotic efficiency of regular estimators. In this paper, we provide a second-order version of that classical result. Introducing a class of second-order regular estimators…
可扩展的 VARMA 模型估计
Vector autoregressive moving-average (VARMA) models have long been considered impractical beyond moderate dimensions: the likelihood is non-convex, the parametrization is identified only up to equivalence, and every evaluation costs a pass over the entire series. Yet their moving-average term captures with a few parameters what a pure autoregression matches only with many lags. We introduce an estimation framework that removes this computational barrier: each optimization…
调查时间序列的贝叶斯季节调整
Seasonal adjustment procedures used by national statistical offices -- X-11 and X-12-ARIMA -- treat each survey estimate as an exact observation, discarding the accompanying standard errors that survey methodologists routinely compute. This paper closes that gap by embedding time-varying sampling error variances into a Basic Structural Model (BSM), extending a recently proposed Dynamic Mini-Max (DMM) Bayesian framework for survey estimation. Via the Harvey-Todd equivalence,…
可扩展 ARMA 模型的拟极大似然估计
The recently proposed scalable ARMA model preserves the parsimony of traditional VARMA models while achieving greater computational tractability. However, existing studies are limited to regularized least squares estimation (LSE) for high-dimensional settings, which is not only statistically less efficient but also requires the sub-Gaussian assumption for its theoretical guarantees. Moreover, it still lacks inference tool for real applications. To fill this gap, we develop a…
高维矩阵时间序列的马尔可夫转换动态矩阵因子模型
In this study, we propose a novel model called the Markov-switching dynamic matrix factor (Ms-DMF) model, which serves the dual purpose of structural interpretation and prediction for high-dimensional matrix time series. When estimating the parameters of the Ms-DMF model, an EM (expectation maximization) algorithm was used to get a quasi-maximum likelihood estimation, where all the parameters are estimated jointly. A filtering and smoothing algorithm is used to compute the…
时间序列尾部风险外推的准确贝叶斯推断
Accurately quantifying tail risks-rare but high-impact events such as financial crashes or extreme weather-is a central challenge in risk management, with serially dependent data. We develop a Bayesian framework based on the Generalized Pareto (GP) distribution for modeling threshold exceedances, providing posterior distributions for the GP parameters and tail quantiles in time series. Two cases are considered: extrapolation of tail quantiles for the stationary marginal…