Saddlepoint Approximations for Spatial Panel Data Models
空间面板数据模型的鞍点近似AI 解读 ↓
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空间面板数据模型的鞍点近似AI 解读 ↓
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We develop new higher-order asymptotic techniques for the Gaussian maximum likelihood estimator in a spatial panel data model, with fixed effects, time-varying covariates, and spatially correlated errors. Our saddlepoint density and tail area approximation feature relative error of order O(1/(n(T−1))) with n being the cross-sectional dimension and T the time-series dimension. The main theoretical tool is the tilted-Edgeworth technique in a nonidentically distributed setting. The density approximation is always nonnegative, does not need resampling, and is accurate in the tails. Monte Carlo experiments on density approximation and testing in the presence of nuisance parameters illustrate the good performance of our approximation over first-order asymptotics and Edgeworth expansion. An empirical application to the investment–saving relationship in OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries shows disagreement between testing results based on the first-order asymptotics and saddlepoint techniques. Supplementary materials for this article, including a standardized description of the materials available for reproducing the work, are available as an online supplement.
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驱动者、接收者与动态联系:2000—2024 年可持续发展目标的有向依赖结构
Governments with limited fiscal and administrative capacity need to know which Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) propagate progress through the goal system and how quickly. We map the directed interdependence structure of all seventeen goals using a balanced panel of 114 countries observed annually from 2000 to 2024. The goal series are persistent, trending, and cross-sectionally dependent, so we apply two estimators matched to this regime: a Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel…