跳到正文
← 返回论文列表与筛选
阅读说明

本页整理公开书目信息,不生成学术质量评分。AI 解读根据题名及所注明的摘要或原文片段生成,未完成全文核验,可能有误;具体假设、证明与结论请核对原文。摘要保留来源文本,未经模型改写。

DOI 首次登记不等于接收或发表日期。部分更正、评论等条目没有独立摘要;缺少可靠材料时保留待补状态。

引用量采用 OpenAlex 单条关联记录,不合计多个记录;关联记录可能包含正式发表版本,不等于此版本单独引用。缺失不视为零,引用指标不代表论文质量。

关注作者按书目中的完整姓名匹配,同名和姓名变体需人工辨别。相关论文先按共享细分方向和具体方法排列,再参考通用方法与发表日期。

分类依据与纠错

AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要直接研究受控实验的处理分配、随机化设计与处理效应估计精度。

反馈分类问题

正在核对关联版本…

代码、数据与补充材料

正在核对对应版本的资源…

关注这篇论文的作者
Nathan Kallus

受控实验设计中的最优事前平衡

研究问题
实验中应如何在处理分配前平衡基线协变量,且这种平衡为何必须结合结果与协变量之间的结构假定才能获得最优性?
方法与思路
作者用极小极大方差框架统一事前平衡设计,根据参数或非参数结构导出不平衡度量,并以核函数构造核分配方法。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称,该框架涵盖区组、配对与再随机化设计;核分配在所示例子中提高精度和功效,并具有方差、一致性及收敛率保证。
阅读关注点
应核对结构约束与极小极大目标、随机化机制、模型误设下无偏性的条件,以及核选择、优化和假设检验的实施细节。
阅读边界
仅据 Crossref 摘要;理论条件和效果数值未提供,所述精度与功效优势依赖具体结构及例子,不能推断任意实验均会改善。

原文摘要

Summary We develop a unified theory of designs for controlled experiments that balance baseline covariates a priori (before treatment and before randomization) using the framework of minimax variance and a new method called kernel allocation. We show that any notion of a priori balance must go hand in hand with a notion of structure, since with no structure on the dependence of outcomes on baseline covariates complete randomization (no special covariate balance) is always minimax optimal. Restricting the structure of dependence, either parametrically or non-parametrically, gives rise to certain covariate imbalance metrics and optimal designs. This recovers many popular imbalance metrics and designs previously developed ad hoc, including randomized block designs, pairwise-matched allocation and rerandomization. We develop a new design method called kernel allocation based on the optimal design when structure is expressed by using kernels, which can be parametric or non-parametric. Relying on modern optimization methods, kernel allocation, which ensures nearly perfect covariate balance without biasing estimates under model misspecification, offers sizable advantages in precision and power as demonstrated in a range of real and synthetic examples. We provide strong theoretical guarantees on variance, consistency and rates of convergence and develop special algorithms for design and hypothesis testing.

笔记与分组
相关领域论文