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关注这篇论文的作者
Fausto Barbero

非确定性因果规律下因果推理的公理化

研究问题
当因果规律由关系而非确定性函数表示时,反事实推理、直接原因等概念的可定义性及其公理系统会发生什么变化?
方法与思路
作者在因果团队语义中实现广义模型,分别为非确定性模型及其团队推广建立公理系统,并研究模型子类和语言扩展。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称,作者给出两套强完备公理化,揭示父节点与直接原因概念的分离,并讨论确定性不可定义及恢复可定义性的途径。
阅读关注点
应核对关系型因果规律与团队语义的定义、完备性对应的模型类,以及签名变化、嵌套反事实和信息更新的具体作用。
阅读边界
这是 arXiv 预印本,同行评审及期刊接收未获核实;摘要未给出公理与证明,逻辑完备性不能直接解释为统计识别保证。

原文摘要

We investigate the generalization of causal models to the case of indeterministic causal laws that was suggested in Halpern (2000). We give an overview of what differences in modeling are enforced by this more general perspective, and propose an implementation of generalized models in the style of the causal team semantics of Barbero & Sandu (2020). In these models, the laws are not represented by functions (as in the deterministic case), but more generally by relations. We point out significant differences in the indeterministic vs. the deterministic case, both for what concerns the axiomatization of counterfactuals and the definability of causal notions in terms of them. We notice, for instance, that the notions of parenthood and direct cause, differently from the deterministic case, come apart. We provide two main strongly complete axiomatizations, one for the class of indeterministic causal models and one for their team generalizations, which can also represent uncertainty about the state of the system. Then, we also identify axioms that allow specializing the axiomatizations to a number of significant subclasses, characterized by properties such as acyclicity, totality and determinism of the causal laws. We also see that a minor change in the notion of signature of the models has a dramatic impact; in particular, it makes so that the deterministic subclass of models become undefinable in the usual Halpern-style counterfactual language. We see that the definability of determinism can be recovered either by a restriction of the class of models, by allowing right-nested counterfactuals, or by introducing an operator for information update.

笔记与分组
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