Estimation of Panel Data Models with Nonlinear Factor Structure
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Panel data models with unobserved heterogeneity in the form of interactive effects standardly assume that the time effects -- or ``common factors'' -- enter linearly. This assumption is restrictive because it concerns an unobserved component of the model, for which a particular functional form is rarely justified. By contrast, linearity in the observable regressors can often be motivated by economic theory or empirical convention. Linearity in the factors has mainly persisted because it is convenient and improves on standard fixed effects. This paper relaxes that assumption by combining the common correlated effects (CCE) approach with sieve methods. The resulting estimator -- abbreviated ``SCCE'' -- preserves key advantages of CCE, including computational simplicity and good small-sample and asymptotic properties, while allowing for a broader class of factor structures that nests the linear case. This makes it suitable for a wide range of empirical applications.
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In this paper we consider the problem of estimating semiparametric panel data models with cross section dependence, where the individual-specific regressors enter the model nonparametrically whereas the common factors enter the model linearly. We consider both heterogeneous and homogeneous regression relationships when both the time and cross-section dimensions are large. We propose sieve estimators for the nonparametric regression functions by extending Pesaran’s (2006)…
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