Extended Wasserstein-GAN Approach to Causal Distribution Learning: Density-Free Estimation and Minimax Optimality
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Distributional causal inference requires estimating not only average treatment effects but also interventional outcome distributions, including quantiles, tail risks, and policy-dependent uncertainty. As a method for distributional causal inference, generative adversarial network (GAN)-based counterfactual methods are flexible tools for this task. However, these methods have several limitations. First, the objectives of certain techniques do not coincide with the statistical risk of the identifiable causal target, and therefore provide limited theoretical guarantees regarding estimable counterfactual distributions or optimality. Second, they tend to rely on unstable density-based methods, such as density ratio estimation. In this paper, we propose GANICE (GAN for Interventional Conditional Estimation) with several advantages: it (i) clarifies the conditional interventional distribution for each treatment--covariate state as the causal estimation target; (ii) estimates the conditional distribution such that its averaged Wasserstein risk is minimized; (iii) establishes minimax optimality. GANICE achieves these advantages through the introduction of the extended Wasserstein distance, the incorporation of a cellwise critic in its dual, and an optimality proof based on Besov space theory. Our experiments demonstrate that GANICE consistently outperforms existing methods.
测地线双重差分
Summary Difference-in-differences (DID) is a widely used quasi-experimental design for causal inference, traditionally applied to scalar or Euclidean outcomes, while extensions to outcomes residing in non-Euclidean spaces remain limited. Existing methods for such outcomes have primarily focused on univariate distributions, leveraging linear operations in the space of quantile functions, but these approaches cannot be directly extended to outcomes in general metric spaces. In…
测地线双重差分
Difference-in-differences (DID) is a widely used quasi-experimental design for causal inference, traditionally applied to scalar or Euclidean outcomes, while extensions to outcomes residing in non-Euclidean spaces remain limited. Existing methods for such outcomes have primarily focused on univariate distributions, leveraging linear operations in the space of quantile functions, but these approaches cannot be directly extended to outcomes in general metric spaces. In this…
机器学习分布型工具变量估计中的模型风险
We study model risk in machine-learning estimation of the Distributional Instrumental Variable Local Average Treatment Effect (D-IV-LATE), the distributional IV effect for the subpopulation induced into treatment by the instrument. The contribution is not a new neural causal estimand. We implement a reduced-form orthogonal level-score DML estimator for the covariate-adjusted D-IV-LATE target and use it to ask how much the nuisance learner matters for distributional IV…
通过 Wasserstein 生成对抗网络恢复反事实分布
Standard Distributional Synthetic Controls (DSC) estimate counterfactual distributions by minimizing the Euclidean $L_2$ distance between quantile functions. We demonstrate that this geometric reliance renders estimators fragile: they lack informative gradients under support mismatch and produce structural artifacts when outcomes are multimodal. This paper proposes a robust estimator grounded in Optimal Transport (OT). We construct the synthetic control by minimizing the…
因果推断中多类处理效应的统一估计方法
In this paper, we introduce a unified estimator to analyze various treatment effects in causal inference, including but not limited to the average treatment effect (ATE) and the quantile treatment effect (QTE). The proposed estimator is developed under the statistical functional and cumulative distribution function structure, which leads to a flexible and robust estimator and covers some frequent treatment effects. In addition, our approach also takes variable selection into…
Each year, The Econometrics Journal sponsors a plenary lecture at the Annual Conference of the Royal Economic Society. This Sargan Lecture commemorates the fundamental contributions to and profound influence on econometrics by (John) Denis Sargan. It does so by promoting econometric theory and methods with substantive direct or potential value in applications and their actual empirical application. It is chaired by an editor of The Econometrics Journal and published in the…