Sharp symbolic nonparametric bounds for measures of benefit in observational and imperfect randomized studies with ordinal outcomes
有序结果下观察性研究与不完全随机试验获益指标的尖锐非参数界AI 解读 ↓
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有序结果下观察性研究与不完全随机试验获益指标的尖锐非参数界AI 解读 ↓
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The probability of benefit is a valuable and important measure of treatment effect, which has advantages over the average treatment effect. Particularly for an ordinal outcome, it has a better interpretation and can make apparent different aspects of the treatment impact. Unfortunately, this measure, and variations of it, are not identifiable even in randomized trials with perfect compliance. There is, for this reason, a long literature on nonparametric bounds for unidentifiable measures of benefit. These have primarily focused on perfect randomized trial settings and one or two specific estimands. We expand these bounds to observational settings with unmeasured confounders and imperfect randomized trials for all three estimands considered in the literature: the probability of benefit, the probability of no harm, and the relative treatment effect.
处理是否有益?有序结局因果推断的贝叶斯方法
Randomized experiments with ordinal outcomes are common across scientific applications, but conventional causal estimands such as the average treatment effect are difficult to interpret because ordinal categories lack meaningful numerical spacing. Two interpretable estimands, the probabilities that the treatment is beneficial and strictly beneficial, depend on the joint distribution of the potential outcomes and are therefore not identifiable from observed data. The sharp…
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We develop a novel distributional Difference-in-Differences (DiD) framework to capture treatment heterogeneity across outcome distributions. By leveraging optimal transport, we use the control group to estimate the untreated distributional drift from the pre- to post-treatment period and apply it to the treated group's pre-treatment baseline, constructing a counterfactual distribution under the assumption of no treatment effect. We frame the null hypothesis as a…
条件分布处理效应的合成控制方法
This paper proposes a synthetic control (SC) framework for the estimation of conditional distributional treatment effects. Identification rests on a parallel trends condition formulated in the parameter space of the semiparametric distribution regression (DR) model, which keeps the counterfactual conditional distribution within the model class. The weights solve a least-squares problem subject to an adding-up constraint, yielding a closed-form estimator. We derive the…