Design-Based Variance Estimation for Modern Heterogeneity-Robust Difference-in-Differences Estimators
现代异质性稳健双重差分估计量的基于设计方差估计AI 解读 ↓
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现代异质性稳健双重差分估计量的基于设计方差估计AI 解读 ↓
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Modern heterogeneity-robust difference-in-differences estimators derive their asymptotic properties under iid, cluster, or fixed-design frameworks that abstract from complex survey sampling, yet practitioners routinely apply them to nationally representative surveys with stratified cluster designs. We show that, under standard regularity conditions, the influence functions of each smooth IF-based or regression-based modern DiD estimator satisfy Binder's (1983) smoothness conditions, so the standard stratified-cluster variance formula applied to their values produces design-consistent standard errors. A Monte Carlo study with 66,000 replications shows where the design effect comes from. HC1 standard errors that treat observations as iid produce coverage as low as 34% under a baseline survey design and below 11% under informative sampling. Combining the survey-weighted point estimate with PSU-level clustering - the practitioner's cluster=psu heuristic - recovers near-nominal coverage across all scenarios. Adding strata and finite-population corrections yields incremental precision but is not required for valid coverage. Survey-weighted doubly robust estimation produces well-calibrated inference when parallel trends hold only conditionally. An NHANES illustration of the ACA dependent coverage provision shows that point estimates and standard errors change substantively - enough to reverse significance conclusions - when the survey design is accounted for. We provide diff-diff (https://github.com/igerber/diff-diff), an open-source Python package implementing design-based variance for fifteen modern DiD estimators.
We study difference-in-differences designs in which all units are initially untreated and later receive heterogeneous, strictly positive treatment doses. When quasi-untreated units receive doses close to zero, a difference-in-difference estimand using those units as the control group identifies a weighted average treatment effect per unit of treatment, under a parallel-trends assumption. We develop a nonparametric estimator and bias-corrected confidence intervals for this…
伪面板事件研究:可信应用的计量经济学基础
Event studies with panel data are widely used to estimate treatment effects. With repeated cross-sections, future treatment dates are unobserved for untreated individuals. Pseudo-panel event studies impute pre-treatment outcomes of the treated using matched untreated individuals. This paper establishes identification in such designs and characterizes bias when identification conditions fail. I show that the pseudo-panel regression is equivalent to weighted least squares with…
利用辅助事件信息进行删失结局的因果推断
Clinical trials with survival endpoints lose information when participants are censored before death is observed. We develop target-preserving estimators that use posttreatment disease history, such as recurrence or progression, to recover information lost to censoring for marginal survival and restricted mean survival effects. The difficulty is that the intermediate event is downstream of treatment: naive adjustment can change the causal estimand, and the useful information…
双重差分与合成控制的结合:双重稳健识别和估计
Difference-in-Differences (DiD) and Synthetic Control (SC) are widely used methods for causal inference in panel data, each with distinct strengths and limitations. We propose a novel method for short-panel causal inference that integrates the advantages of both approaches. Our method delivers a doubly robust identification strategy for the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) under either of two non-nested assumptions: parallel trends or a group-level SC condition.…
存在少报的有序选择模型中的变化中的变化
We develop a Difference-in-Differences framework for discrete, ordered outcomes subject to underreporting. Such outcomes commonly arise in self-reported surveys on socially undesirable or stigmatized behaviors, where respondents may conceal their true behavior. For a discrete Changes-in-Changes model that is shown to admit an equivalent threshold-crossing representation, we derive nonparametric bounds for the counterfactual and factual outcome distributions as well as for…
存在低报的有序选择模型中的变化中变化方法
We develop a Difference-in-Differences framework for discrete, ordered outcomes subject to underreporting. Such outcomes commonly arise in self-reported surveys on socially undesirable or stigmatized behaviors, where respondents may conceal their true behavior. For a discrete Changes-in-Changes model that is shown to admit an equivalent threshold-crossing representation, we derive nonparametric bounds for the counterfactual and factual outcome distributions as well as for…