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分类依据与纠错

AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要明确研究随机实验设计及平均处理效应的逆概率加权估计与推断。

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关注这篇论文的作者
Tim Morrison
Art B. Owen

带协变量的伯努利试验中处理分配的最优相关结构

研究问题
每个个体均以二分之一概率接受处理时,如何安排分配之间的相关性以降低平均处理效应估计方差,并应对理想信息的代理误差?
方法与思路
作者在可容许的伯努利相关结构中研究最优设计,利用二元背包问题构造两簇分配,并提出恰半数处理的变体及多簇混合方案。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称,作者为已有两簇最优性结论给出新证明,并提出改善平移不变性与代理误差稳健性的设计,另在一定条件下建立推断结果。
阅读关注点
应核对最优设计依赖的潜在结果信息、恰半数处理方案的适用条件,以及混合簇数选择、中心极限定理和方差一致估计的假设。
阅读边界
这是 arXiv 预印本,不能据此确认同行评审或期刊接收;摘要未列明推断条件,两簇最优性依赖理想信息,代理误差可能削弱表现。

原文摘要

Given covariates for $n$ units, each of which is to receive a treatment with probability $1/2$, we study the question of how best to correlate their treatment assignments to minimize the variance of the IPW estimator of the average treatment effect. Past work by \cite{bai2022} found that the optimal stratified experiment is a matched-pair design, where the matching depends on oracle knowledge of the distributions of potential outcomes given covariates. We study the strictly broader class of all admissible correlation structures, for which \cite{cytrynbaum2023} recently showed that the optimal design is to divide the units into two clusters and uniformly assign treatment to exactly one of them. This design can be computed by solving a 0-1 knapsack problem that uses the same oracle information. We derive a novel proof of this fact using a result about admissible Bernoulli correlations. We also show how to construct a shift-invariant version of the design that still improves on the optimal stratified design by ensuring that exactly half of the units are treated. A method with just two clusters is not robust to a bad proxy for the oracle, and we mitigate this with a hybrid that uses $O(n^α)$ clusters for $0<α<1$. Under certain assumptions, we also derive a CLT for the IPW estimator under these designs and a consistent estimator of the variance. We compare the proposed designs to the optimal stratified design in simulated examples and find strong performance.

笔记与分组
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