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AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要研究混杂变量缺失情况下的观察性处理效应估计及双重稳健方法。

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Assessing treatment effects in observational data with missing confounders: A comparative study of practical doubly-robust and traditional missing data methods

混杂变量缺失时的处理效应评估:双重稳健与传统缺失数据方法比较

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代码、数据与补充材料

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关注这篇论文的作者
Chloe Krakauer
Eric Johnson
Susan Gruber
Bryan E. Shepherd
Thomas Lumley
Hana Lee
Fengyu Zhao
Sarah K. Dutcher
Rishi Desai
Gregory E. Simon
Susan M. Shortreed
Jennifer C. Nelson
Pamela A. Shaw

混杂变量缺失时的处理效应评估:双重稳健与传统缺失数据方法比较

研究问题
在部分个体缺少关键混杂变量的观察性健康数据中,如何选择处理效应估计方法,尤其面对罕见结局和高缺失比例?
方法与思路
作者比较广义校准加权、逆概率加权 TMLE、常规 IPW 与多重插补,并开展合成模拟及仿照电子健康记录结构的模拟。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称,研究在多种生成及缺失情景下比较偏差与方差权衡,包含关键混杂变量缺失超过一半的罕见结局应用情景。
阅读关注点
应核对缺失机制、各稳健估计量依赖的模型组合、罕见结局下的数值稳定性,以及仿真数据如何保留真实队列结构。
阅读边界
这是 arXiv 预印本,同行评审及期刊接收未核实;摘要未给出具体优胜情景或一致性条件,不能认为双重稳健方法适用于任意缺失机制。

原文摘要

In pharmacoepidemiology, safety and effectiveness are frequently evaluated using readily available administrative and electronic health records data. In these settings, detailed confounder data are often not available in all data sources and therefore missing on a subset of individuals. Multiple imputation (MI) and inverse-probability weighting (IPW) are go-to analytical methods to handle missing data and are dominant in the biomedical literature. Doubly-robust methods, which are consistent under fewer assumptions, can be more efficient with respect to mean-squared error. We discuss two practical-to-implement doubly-robust estimators, generalized raking and inverse probability-weighted targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE), which are both currently under-utilized in biomedical studies. We compare their performance to IPW and MI in a detailed numerical study for a variety of synthetic data-generating and missingness scenarios, including scenarios with rare outcomes and a high missingness proportion. Further, we consider plasmode simulation studies that emulate the complex data structure of a large electronic health records cohort in order to compare anti-depressant therapies in a rare-outcome setting where a key confounder is prone to more than 50\% missingness. We provide guidance on selecting a missing data analysis approach, based on which methods excelled with respect to the bias-variance trade-off across the different scenarios studied.

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