Group Identification and Variable Selection in Multivariable Mendelian Randomization with Highly-Correlated Exposures
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Multivariable Mendelian Randomization (MVMR) estimates the direct causal effects of multiple risk factors on an outcome using genetic variants as instruments. The growing availability of summary-level genetic data has created opportunities to apply MVMR in high-dimensional settings with many strongly correlated candidate risk factors. However, existing methods face three major limitations: weak instrument bias, limited interpretability, and the absence of valid post-selection inference. Here we introduce MVMR-PACS, a method that identifies signal-groups -- sets of causal risk factors with high genetic correlation or indistinguishable causal effects -- and estimates the direct effect of each group. MVMR-PACS minimizes a debiased objective function that reduces weak instrument bias while yielding interpretable estimates with theoretical guarantees for variable selection. We adapt a data-thinning strategy to summary-data MVMR to enable valid post-selection inference. In simulations, MVMR-PACS outperforms existing approaches in both estimation accuracy and variable selection. When applied to 27 lipoprotein subfraction traits and coronary artery disease risk, MVMR-PACS identifies biologically meaningful and robust signal-groups with interpretable direct causal effects.
两样本汇总数据孟德尔随机化中的修正去偏逆方差加权估计
Mendelian randomization uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to make causal inferences about the effects of modifiable risk factors on diseases from observational data. One of the major challenges in Mendelian randomization is that many genetic variants are only modestly or even weakly associated with the risk factor of interest, a setting known as many weak instruments. Many existing methods, such as the popular inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, could be…
连接局部与总体因果效应:近端工具变量方法
Instrumental variable (IV) methods address treatment endogeneity, but with non-compliance and heterogeneous treatment effects a binary instrument generally identifies the local average treatment effect (LATE) among compliers rather than the population average treatment effect (ATE). When treatment effects and compliance probabilities are heterogeneous and dependent through latent factors, the ATE need not be identified by IV variation alone. We develop a proximal…
多弱工具变量高维回归的多任务学习
Many weak instrumental variables (IVs) are routinely used in the health and social sciences to improve identification and inference of the treatment effect of interest, along with a broad collection of data on potential confounding factors in the hope that the IV assumptions hold within each data stratum. We propose a new debiased continuous-updating generalized method of moments estimator with multi-task learning of the IV propensity scores to simultaneously address the…
分布型工具变量:识别与分位数最小二乘估计
We study instrumental-variable designs where policy reforms strongly shift the distribution of an endogenous variable but only weakly move its mean. We formalize this by introducing distributional relevance: instruments may be purely distributional. Within a triangular model, distributional relevance suffices for nonparametric identification of average structural effects via a control function. We then propose Quantile Least Squares (Q-LS), which aggregates conditional…
弱识别函数的强识别泛函推断
Abstract In a variety of applications, including nonparametric instrumental variable (NPIV) analysis, proximal causal inference under unmeasured confounding, and analysis of missing-not-at-random data with shadow variables, we are interested in inference on a continuous linear functional (e.g. average causal effects) of nuisance functions (e.g. NPIV regression) defined by conditional moment restrictions. These nuisance functions are often weakly identified, meaning the…
更稳健的多变量孟德尔随机化方法
Summary Multivariable Mendelian randomization uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to infer the direct effects of multiple exposures on an outcome. However, unlike univariable Mendelian randomization, multivariable Mendelian randomization often faces greater challenges with many weak instruments, which can lead to bias not necessarily toward zero and inflation of Type-I errors. In this work, we introduce a new asymptotic regime that allows exposures to have…