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分类依据与纠错

AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要直接讨论不可观测混杂、负控制处理与结果变量,以及因果效应的双重稳健估计,明确对应因果推断。

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代码、数据与补充材料

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关注这篇论文的作者
Ben Deaner

大量代理控制变量

研究问题
当不可观测混杂因素及其代理变量都可能很多时,如何利用两组代理控制变量识别因果效应,并进行可靠的高维推断?
方法与思路
作者在给定混杂因素后两组代理条件独立的线性模型中,利用低秩与稀疏结构降维,以惩罚方法适应未知混杂因素数量。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称,混杂因素数量可识别,并提供闭式及双重稳健估计量;在给定条件下,后者具有一致根号样本量收敛率和渐近正态性。
阅读关注点
应核对负控制变量的有效性、代理数量超过混杂因素数量的作用,以及秩识别、稀疏性和双重稳健推断所需条件。
阅读边界
这是 arXiv 预印本,不能据此认定已同行评审或期刊接收。摘要未列出完整识别与收敛条件,模拟优势不能直接外推。

原文摘要

A recent literature considers causal inference using noisy proxies for unobserved confounding factors. The proxies are divided into two sets that are independent conditional on the confounders. One set of proxies are `negative control treatments' and the other are `negative control outcomes'. Existing work applies to low-dimensional settings with a fixed number of proxies and confounders. In this work we consider linear models with many proxy controls and possibly many confounders. A key insight is that if each group of proxies is strictly larger than the number of confounding factors, then a matrix of nuisance parameters has a low-rank structure and a vector of nuisance parameters has a sparse structure. We can exploit the rank-restriction and sparsity to reduce the number of free parameters to be estimated. The number of unobserved confounders is not known a priori but we show that it is identified, and we apply penalization methods to adapt to this quantity. We provide an estimator with a closed-form as well as a doubly-robust estimator that must be evaluated using numerical methods. We provide conditions under which our doubly-robust estimator is uniformly root-$n$ consistent, asymptotically centered normal, and our suggested confidence intervals have asymptotically correct coverage. We provide simulation evidence that our methods achieve better performance than existing approaches in high dimensions, particularly when the number of proxies is substantially larger than the number of confounders.

笔记与分组
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