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Catching up Faster by Switching Sooner: A Predictive Approach to Adaptive Estimation with an Application to the AIC–BIC Dilemma

通过更早切换加快追赶:自适应估计与 AIC–BIC 困境

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代码、数据与补充材料

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关注这篇论文的作者
Tim Van Erven
Peter Grünwald
Steven de Rooij

通过更早切换加快追赶:自适应估计与 AIC–BIC 困境

研究问题
贝叶斯模型选择与平均为何可能收敛缓慢,能否构造兼顾最优累计风险收敛率和模型选择一致性的自适应方法?
方法与思路
作者以追赶现象解释慢收敛,修改贝叶斯预测分布形成切换分布,在密度估计与高斯回归中分析,并进行模拟比较。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称切换分布无需知道平滑程度即可达到极小极大累计风险,同时保留模型选择一致性,并具有高效实现。
阅读关注点
核对累计风险的定义、切换机制、最优率与一致性的不同条件,以及模拟中各方法使用的模型集合和计算预算。
阅读边界
所给 Crossref 摘要未列出所谓弱条件或数值结果;解决 AIC–BIC 困境的陈述限定于累计风险,不能泛化到所有指标。

原文摘要

Summary Prediction and estimation based on Bayesian model selection and model averaging, and derived methods such as the Bayesian information criterion BIC, do not always converge at the fastest possible rate. We identify the catch-up phenomenon as a novel explanation for the slow convergence of Bayesian methods, which inspires a modification of the Bayesian predictive distribution, called the switch distribution. When used as an adaptive estimator, the switch distribution does achieve optimal cumulative risk convergence rates in non-parametric density estimation and Gaussian regression problems. We show that the minimax cumulative risk is obtained under very weak conditions and without knowledge of the underlying degree of smoothness. Unlike other adaptive model selection procedures such as the Akaike information criterion AIC and leave-one-out cross-validation, BIC and Bayes factor model selection are typically statistically consistent. We show that this property is retained by the switch distribution, which thus solves the AIC–BIC dilemma for cumulative risk. The switch distribution has an efficient implementation. We compare its performance with AIC, BIC and Bayesian model selection and averaging on a regression problem with simulated data.

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