The First-stage F Test with Many Weak Instruments
大量弱工具变量下的第一阶段 F 检验AI 解读 ↓
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大量弱工具变量下的第一阶段 F 检验AI 解读 ↓
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A widely adopted approach for detecting weak instruments is to use the first-stage $F$ statistic. While this method was developed with a fixed number of instruments, its performance with many instruments remains insufficiently explored. We show that the first-stage $F$ test exhibits distorted sizes for detecting many weak instruments, regardless of the choice of pretested estimators or Wald tests. These distortions occur due to the inadequate approximation using classical noncentral Chi-squared distributions. As a byproduct of our main result, we present an alternative approach to pre-test many weak instruments with the corrected first-stage $F$ statistic. An empirical illustration with Angrist and Keueger (1991)'s returns to education data confirms its usefulness.
Two frequent approaches for identifying structural VARs are external instruments, which carry economic content but are often weak, and non-Gaussianity of the shocks, which provides statistical identification but carries no economic meaning. We combine the two strategies in a single generalized method of moments framework. This hybrid approach point-identifies the target shocks while also identifying the non-target shocks up to sign and ordering. Under suitable rank…
机器学习工具变量下的识别与推断
Instrumental-variables estimation increasingly pools many or high-dimensional instruments into a single machine-learned first stage, with rich controls partialled out. The resulting estimand, the partialled-out IV coefficient built from any signal of the instruments, is a signal-weighted average of the heterogeneous effects, which gives an opaque first stage a precise structural meaning. The average is convex whenever a covariance-monotonicity condition holds, and we provide…
时间序列中的动态局部平均处理效应
This paper discusses identification, estimation, and inference on dynamic local average treatment effects (LATEs) in instrumental variables (IVs) settings. First, we show that compliers--observations whose treatment status is affected by the instrument--can be identified individually in time series data using smoothness assumptions and local comparisons of treatment assignments. Second, we show that this result enables not only better interpretability of IV estimates but…
两样本工具变量:有效两步估计、过度识别与弱工具检验
Two-sample IV is a popular estimation method when the outcome and treatment variables are available in different samples, whereas instruments are available in both samples. The standard estimator is two-sample two-stage least squares estimator, which is efficient under homoskedasticity and homogeneity of the samples. We develop a robust two-step procedure for efficient estimation under general heteroskedasticity and heterogeneity of the samples, and propose a related…
工具变量回归中弱工具稳健的子向量推断:拉格朗日乘子检验与 Anderson–Rubin 置信集
We propose a weak-instrument-robust subvector Lagrange multiplier test for instrumental variables regression. We show that it is asymptotically size-correct under a technical condition. This is the first weak-instrument-robust subvector test for instrumental variables regression to recover the degrees of freedom of the commonly used non-weak-instrument-robust Wald test. Additionally, we provide a closed-form solution for subvector confidence sets obtained by inverting the…
总体异质性下双样本孟德尔随机化的稳健框架
Mendelian randomization is a powerful tool for causal inference in observational studies. The two-sample summary-data design, which estimates genetic associations with exposures and outcomes in separate cohorts, is the most widely used Mendelian randomization approach in large-scale genomic studies. However, this approach relies on a strong assumption of population homogeneity across the two samples. In practice, available samples often differ in ancestry, demographics,…