Unbiased instrumental variables estimation under known first-stage sign
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We derive mean-unbiased estimators for the structural parameter in instrumental variables models with a single endogenous regressor where the sign of one or more first-stage coefficients is known. In the case with a single instrument, there is a unique nonrandomized unbiased estimator based on the reduced-form and first-stage regression estimates. For cases with multiple instruments we propose a class of unbiased estimators and show that an estimator within this class is efficient when the instruments are strong. We show numerically that unbiasedness does not come at a cost of increased dispersion in models with a single instrument: in this case the unbiased estimator is less dispersed than the two-stage least squares estimator. Our finite-sample results apply to normal models with known variance for the reduced-form errors, and imply analogous results under weak-instrument asymptotics with an unknown error distribution.
Two frequent approaches for identifying structural VARs are external instruments, which carry economic content but are often weak, and non-Gaussianity of the shocks, which provides statistical identification but carries no economic meaning. We combine the two strategies in a single generalized method of moments framework. This hybrid approach point-identifies the target shocks while also identifying the non-target shocks up to sign and ordering. Under suitable rank…
机器学习工具变量下的识别与推断
Instrumental-variables estimation increasingly pools many or high-dimensional instruments into a single machine-learned first stage, with rich controls partialled out. The resulting estimand, the partialled-out IV coefficient built from any signal of the instruments, is a signal-weighted average of the heterogeneous effects, which gives an opaque first stage a precise structural meaning. The average is convex whenever a covariance-monotonicity condition holds, and we provide…
时间序列中的动态局部平均处理效应
This paper discusses identification, estimation, and inference on dynamic local average treatment effects (LATEs) in instrumental variables (IVs) settings. First, we show that compliers--observations whose treatment status is affected by the instrument--can be identified individually in time series data using smoothness assumptions and local comparisons of treatment assignments. Second, we show that this result enables not only better interpretability of IV estimates but…
贝叶斯树集成估计不依从下的异质性效应:伊利诺伊职场健康研究
Estimating varying treatment effects in randomized trials with noncompliance is inherently challenging since variation comes from two separate sources: variation in the impact itself and variation in the compliance rate. In this setting, existing flexible machine learning methods are sensitive to the weak instruments problem and can yield unstable estimates of heterogeneity when run repeatedly with different initialization or random seeds. Our main methodological…
忽略面板非线性导致的弱工具变量:Super Learner 控制函数估计
A triangular structural panel data model with additive separable individual-specific effects is used to model the causal effect of a covariate on an outcome variable when there are unobservable confounders with some of them time-invariant. In this setup, a linear specification for the reduced-form equation might be problematic when the conditional mean of the endogenous covariate and the instrumental variables is nonlinear in the population. The reason is that ignoring the…
两样本工具变量:有效两步估计、过度识别与弱工具检验
Two-sample IV is a popular estimation method when the outcome and treatment variables are available in different samples, whereas instruments are available in both samples. The standard estimator is two-sample two-stage least squares estimator, which is efficient under homoskedasticity and homogeneity of the samples. We develop a robust two-step procedure for efficient estimation under general heteroskedasticity and heterogeneity of the samples, and propose a related…