Equilibrium Bias of Technology
技术的均衡偏向AI 解读 ↓
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技术的均衡偏向
- 研究问题
- 要素供给增加如何改变均衡技术选择及边际产出？研究区分相对与绝对技术偏向，并考察供给增加时要素价格上升的条件。
- 方法与思路
- 作者比较要素增进型与更一般的技术可能性集合，通过均衡分析和总生产函数的联合凹性刻画技术偏向；具体正则条件需查全文。
- 材料陈述的贡献
- 摘要称，相对偏向结论受技术菜单限制；在相应条件下，供给增加诱发绝对偏向，强绝对偏向当且仅当生产函数对要素和技术缺乏联合凹性。
- 阅读关注点
- 应核对相对偏向、绝对偏向与强绝对偏向的定义，联合凹性充要条件的适用范围，以及不同主体决策如何产生非凹性。
- 阅读边界
- 摘要未列明温和假设及正则条件，也未提供实证检验；要素供给增加导致价格上升是有条件的理论结果，不能据此判断现实普遍性。
原文摘要
This paper presents three sets of results about equilibrium bias of technology. First, I show that when the menu of technological possibilities only allows for factor-augmenting technologies, the increase in the supply of a factor induces technological change relatively biased toward that factor—meaning that the induced technological change increases the relative marginal product of the factor becoming more abundant. Moreover, this induced bias can be strong enough to make the relative marginal product of a factor increasing in response to an increase in its supply, thus leading to an upward-sloping relative demand curve. I also show that these results about relative bias do not generalize when more general menus of technological possibilities are considered. Second, I prove that under mild assumptions, the increase in the supply of a factor induces technological change that is absolutely biased toward that factor—meaning that it increases its marginal product at given factor proportions. The third and most important result in the paper establishes the possibility of and conditions for strong absolute equilibrium bias—whereby the price (marginal product) of a factor increases in response to an increase in its supply. I prove that, under some regularity conditions, there will be strong absolute equilibrium bias if and only if the aggregate production function of the economy fails to be jointly concave in factors and technology. This type of failure of joint concavity is possible in economies where equilibrium factor demands and technologies result from the decisions of different agents.