An Application of an Urn Model to the Design of Sequential Controlled Clinical Trials
瓮模型在序贯对照临床试验设计中的应用AI 解读 ↓
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In the comparison of K treatments, assume that patients appear singly and must be treated immediately. Suppose that patients having the same combination of prognostic factor levels are grouped into the same stratum. If the number of different strata is small, we treat each stratum as a separate independent subtrial. A treatment assignment rule is proposed that forces a small subtrial to be balanced, but tends toward the complete randomization scheme as the size of the subtrial increases. When the number of strata is large, we propose an overall assignment rule which can achieve a degree of treatment balance simultaneously across all prognostic factors.