Multivariate Linear Relationships: Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Regression Bounds
多变量线性关系:最大似然估计与回归界限AI 解读 ↓
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多变量线性关系:最大似然估计与回归界限AI 解读 ↓
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Summary The well known result that, when the ratio of error variances is specified in normal theory bivariate linear relationships, the maximum likelihood estimator of the slope parameter takes the same form for both structural and functional relationships is extended to the multivariate case. Furthermore, it is well known that in the bivariate case the estimator of the slope is bounded by the two regression estimators. Analogous results are derived for the multivariate case. The asymptotic variance–covariance matrix of the maximum likelihood estimators of the coefficients of a multivariate linear relationship is determined, and an estimator of this matrix is proposed. Large sample confidence regions for the parameters are formulated and the relationship between these and normal theory regression confidence regions is discussed.
Normality pre-tests on reduced-form innovations cannot detect whether two or more underlying structural shocks are Gaussian, and hence cannot detect a failure of identification in non-Gaussian SVARs. We propose a bootstrap-based approach that reveals such a failure. Under the null of valid identification and certain regularity conditions, the conditional bootstrap distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator of the impact matrix is asymptotically normal, so the…
This article introduces a framework for evaluating statistical decisions under both prior ambiguity and likelihood misspecification. We begin with an ambiguity set - a frequentist model that pairs a possibly misspecified likelihood with every possible prior - and uniformly expand it by a Kullback-Leibler radius to accommodate likelihood misspecification. We show that optimal decisions under this framework are equivalent to minimax decisions with an exponentially tilted loss…
RBF 核高斯过程最大似然估计的精确渐近理论
Gaussian processes (GPs) are widely used across machine learning, spatial statistics, time-series analysis, optimization, Bayesian statistics, and scientific applications. A central component of a GP model is its kernel, which is typically specified through a parametric family. Among the most widely used choices is the radial basis function (RBF), also known as the squared exponential or Gaussian kernel, owing to its simple form, smoothness, and flexibility. In practice, the…
理性疏忽—加性随机效用模型的估计
This paper develops likelihood-based estimation for parametric rational inattention--additive random utility models. We establish consistency and asymptotic normality of the exact maximum likelihood estimator and provide conditions under which the simulated estimator shares its asymptotic distribution. To implement estimation, we develop Newton--BA, a KKT-guided hybrid of Newton--Raphson and Blahut--Arimoto (BA). The algorithm accommodates both interior and boundary…
面板信息矩阵检验
The Information Matrix (IM) test is a natural specification check for likelihood-based models, yet cross-sectional implementations are often badly sized, confound neglected heterogeneity with distributional misspecification, and require third derivatives. We develop the panel information matrix (PIM) test for models with fixed effects. Explicit fixed effects isolate functional-form misspecification from time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity. Although the profile maximum…
受限因变量模型中可扩展的似然推断
Limited dependent variable models are central to empirical economics, but likelihood-based inference is infeasible when likelihoods involve high-dimensional integration over latent variables. This paper proposes Stochastically Estimated Gradient Ascent (SEGA), a scalable estimation approach for limited dependent variable models. Using Fisher's identity, SEGA replaces the intractable likelihood score with an unbiased augmented data score evaluated at a single conditional draw…