Efficient transport and generalization of survival treatment effects
生存治疗效应的有效迁移与推广AI 解读 ↓
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生存治疗效应的有效迁移与推广AI 解读 ↓
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Randomized controlled trials provide internally valid estimates of treatment effects, but their results may not directly apply to broader target populations due to differences in baseline covariate distributions, adherence to treatment or variations in outcome mechanisms. Under standard transport and time-to-event identifiability assumptions, we develop nonparametric, debiased machine learning estimators for transporting and generalizing causal survival treatment effect differences from a source population to a target population in discrete time. We derive the efficient influence functions for the transport and generalization survival difference estimands and propose cross-fitted one-step estimators that are doubly robust and achieve semiparametric efficiency bounds under weak regularity conditions. We further introduce estimators that exploit known effect modifier subsets through an additive parameterization of the survival function, reducing the dimensionality of the reweighting and yielding smaller or equal asymptotic variance. We establish asymptotic normality, double robustness, and rates of convergence for all proposed estimators. Finite-sample properties are illustrated through Monte Carlo simulations under flexible and misspecified nuisance estimation scenarios. We apply the methods to data from the Women's Health Initiative to estimate the effect of hormone therapy on coronary heart disease across trial and observational populations.
嵌套工具变量分析:转换者平均处理效应及可推广性
Instrumental variables (IVs) are widely used to estimate causal effects from non-randomized data. A canonical example is a randomized trial with noncompliance, in which the randomized treatment assignment serves as an IV for the non-ignorable treatment received. Under a monotonicity assumption, a valid IV nonparametrically identifies the average treatment effect among a latent complier subgroup, whose generalizability is often under debate. In many studies, there exist…
前门模型下因果效应的灵活非参数推断
Abstract Evaluating causal treatment effects in observational studies requires addressing confounding. While the back-door criterion enables identification through adjustment for observed covariates, it fails in the presence of unmeasured confounding. The front-door criterion offers an alternative by leveraging variables that fully mediate the treatment effect and are unaffected by unmeasured confounders of the treatment-outcome pair. We develop novel one-step and targeted…
随时间刻画幸存者主层:识别、有效估计与敏感性分析
Longitudinal studies with functional outcomes subject to truncation-by-death frequently report time-indexed survivor average causal effect estimates, defined among individuals who would survive regardless of treatment assignment. Because the survivor stratum can change over time, the resulting effect estimates may pertain to populations with different characteristics. We propose accompanying survivor average causal effect estimates with measures of covariate divergence…
整群随机试验中依从效应与网络因果效应的识别和有效估计
Treatment noncompliance is pervasive in infectious disease cluster-randomized trials. Although all individuals within a cluster are assigned the same treatment condition, the treatment uptake status may vary across individuals due to noncompliance. We propose a semiparametric framework to evaluate the individual compliance effect and network assignment effect within principal stratum exhibiting different patterns of noncompliance. The individual compliance effect captures…
观察性时间序列动态因果效应的半参数推断
In observational time series, statistical inference for dynamic causal effects of a one-time intervention across horizons is complicated by high-dimensional observed pre-treatment information, unmeasured confounding, and serial dependence. To address these challenges, we develop a semiparametric framework for inference from a single serially dependent time series, integrating debiased machine learning with instrumental variables through buffered block cross-fitting. Under…
审查员工具变量设计的局部稳健半参数方法
I propose a locally robust semiparametric framework for estimating causal effects using examiner IV designs when adjustment for many or continuous covariates makes saturation infeasible or produces sparse cells. The key ingredient of this approach is an orthogonal moment function that removes the first-order effect of estimation errors in the two treatment regressions defining the examiner IV. I derive the orthogonal moment function and show that it remains valid under…