On continuity-corrected residuals in logistic regression
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In choosing residuals for logistic regression the two primary candidates are Pearson or linear residuals and deviance residuals; an asymptotic bias correction can be used with the latter. Residuals can also be computed after the arc sine or the Anscombe transformation, and there are residuals which approximate an outlier score statistic (Williams, 1984). Recently Pierce & Schafer (1986) proposed correcting for continuity before computing residuals. They first studied the behaviour of residuals when calculated at the true parameter, unknown in practice, and then argued that when parameter estimates are close to the true values, this same behaviour will be exhibited by residuals calculated at estimates. Our work shows that this two-step approach can be quite misleading. Continuity corrections are detrimental to the approximate normality of residuals, even in the simplest case. Study of graphical displays based on residuals in realistic problems indicates that the bias correction to the deviance is problematic for extreme probabilities. The linear residuals, as well as the unadjusted deviance residuals and the outlier-test residuals, perform well in moderate-sized problems and in both null and contaminated situations.
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多层主效应矩阵因子模型
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高维线性模型中基于汇总统计量的遗传力估计的一致性
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超越协方差的线性回归:高阶累积量中的潜在斜率谱
Least squares summarizes the joint distribution of a response and regressor through second-order information. When an observed regressor is composed of latent components carrying different relationships with the response, this summary can average over distinct linear effects. We study the additional linear information contained in higher-order mixed cumulants and formalize it through the latent slope spectrum. Ordinary least squares is a variance-weighted barycenter of this…
The conditional average treatment effect (CATE) is frequently estimated in clinical studies to refute a homogeneous treatment effect hypothesis. Under this regime, all patients making up the population experience identical benefit from a given treatment relative to a comparator. Uncovering heterogeneous treatment effects through inference about the CATE, however, requires that covariates truly modifying the treatment effect be reliably collected at baseline. CATE-based…