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AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要明确研究序贯随机干预的直接与间接因果效应,并处理组内干扰,因此选择因果推断及网络与干扰方向。

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关注这篇论文的作者
Jieru Shi
Zhenke Wu
Walter Dempsey

纵向二元结局的时变直接与间接因果偏离效应估计

研究问题
在微随机试验的序贯干预中,如何定义和估计纵向二元结局的时变直接与间接效应,同时处理组间效应异质性和组内干扰?
方法与思路
作者以群组化潜在结果定义近期及滞后二元结局的直接和间接因果偏离效应,提出处理异质性与干扰的推断程序并开展应用。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称,论文建立估计量一致性和渐近正态性,模拟支持点估计与区间覆盖的有效性,并分析多机构试验中移动提示对学习参与的影响。
阅读关注点
应核对因果偏离效应相对于哪些处理路径定义、组内干扰的结构,以及序贯随机化、异质性和二元结局如何进入估计与方差计算。
阅读边界
这是 arXiv 预印本,同行评审或期刊接收未获核实。摘要未说明完整识别假设、干扰范围或应用效应大小,不能判断一般场景中的有效性。

原文摘要

Construction of just-in-time adaptive interventions, such as prompts delivered by mobile apps to promote and maintain behavioral change, requires knowledge about time-varying moderated effects to inform when and how we deliver intervention options. Micro-randomized trials (MRT) have emerged as a sequentially randomized design to gather requisite data for effect estimation. The existing literature (Qian et al., 2020; Boruvka et al., 2018; Dempsey et al., 2020) has defined a general class of causal estimands, referred to as "causal excursion effects", to assess the time-varying moderated effect. However, there is limited statistical literature on how to address potential between-cluster treatment effect heterogeneity and within-cluster interference in a sequential treatment setting for longitudinal binary outcomes. In this paper, based on a cluster conceptualization of the potential outcomes, we define a larger class of direct and indirect causal excursion effects for proximal and lagged binary outcomes, and propose a new inferential procedure that addresses effect heterogeneity and interference. We provide theoretical guarantees of consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator. Extensive simulation studies confirm our theory empirically and show the proposed procedure provides consistent point estimator and interval estimates with valid coverage. Finally, we analyze a data set from a multi-institution MRT study to assess the time-varying moderated effects of mobile prompts upon binary study engagement outcomes.

笔记与分组