Covariate adjustment for linear models in estimating treatment effects in randomised clinical trials. Some useful theory to guide simulation
随机临床试验处理效应估计中的线性模型协变量调整:指导模拟的理论AI 解读 ↓
本页整理公开书目信息,不生成学术质量评分。AI 解读根据题名及所注明的摘要或原文片段生成,未完成全文核验,可能有误;具体假设、证明与结论请核对原文。摘要保留来源文本,未经模型改写。
DOI 首次登记不等于接收或发表日期。部分更正、评论等条目没有独立摘要;缺少可靠材料时保留待补状态。
本页为预印本版本;arXiv 收录、作者填写的期刊信息以及作者既有发表经历,都不单独证明本篇已接收。作者发表记录按 OpenAlex 身份与完整姓名、本站覆盖期刊 ISSN 及正式卷期核对,只展示已核实例,档案仍可能误合并。
引用量采用 OpenAlex 单条关联记录,不合计多个记录;关联记录可能包含正式发表版本,不等于此版本单独引用。缺失不视为零,引用指标不代表论文质量。
关注作者按书目中的完整姓名匹配,同名和姓名变体需人工辨别。相关论文先按共享细分方向和具体方法排列,再参考通用方法与发表日期。
AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要研究随机试验中处理效应估计的协变量调整与精度。
随机临床试验处理效应估计中的线性模型协变量调整:指导模拟的理论AI 解读 ↓
正在核对关联版本…
正在核对对应版本的资源…
Building on key papers that were published in special issues of Biometrics in 1957 and 1982 we propose and develop a three-aspect system for evaluating the effect of fitting covariates in the analysis of designed experiments, in particular randomised clinical trials. The three aspects are: first the effect on residual mean square error, second the effect on the variance inflation factor (VIF) and third the effect on second order precision. We concentrate, in particular, on the VIF and highlight not only an existing formula for its expected value based on assuming covariates have a Normal distribution but also develop a formula for its variance. We show how VIFs for categorical variable are related to the chi-square contingency table with rows as treatment and columns as categories. We illustrate the value of these formulae using a randomised clinical trial with five covariates, one of which is binary, and show that both mean and variance formulae predict results well for all $2^5=32$ possible models for each of three forms of simulation, random permutation, sampling from a Normal distribution and bootstrap resampling. Finally, we illustrate how the three-aspect system may be used to address various questions of interest when considering covariate adjustment.