Commonality of cusum, von Neumann and smoothing-based goodness-of-fit tests
累积和、冯·诺伊曼与基于平滑的拟合优度检验的共同框架AI 解读 ↓
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Recent papers by Munson & Jernigan (1989) and Buckley (1991) propose nonparametric tests for the hypothesis of no predictor effect in regression. The Munson-Jernigan test is similar to the von Neumann (1941) test, while that of Buckley is based on a functional of cusums. These tests are shown to be special cases of a wider class of tests based on nonparametric function estimation ideas. Fourier analysis is used to qualitatively compare the Munson & Jernigan and Buckley tests with two new tests constructed from nonparametric smoothers. Their relative powers are then studied by means of large-sample analysis and simulation. The cusum test is the most powerful for very smooth departures from the no-effect hypothesis, while the new tests based on smoothing ideas are clearly superior when the alternative is high frequency.
Conditional distribution equality testing is a core problem with applications in causal inference, model diagnostics, and transfer learning. Existing methods often lose power when the conditioning variable is high-dimensional. We propose a new test that leverages generative models to compare conditional distributions using both observed data and synthetic samples. A sample-splitting and studentization scheme is introduced to control estimation error. Under the null, the test…
Principal stratification (PS) is a commonly used approach for understanding the mechanisms through which a treatment affects an outcome. The goal of this work is to extend the PS framework to studies with continuous treatments, which introduces a number of both challenges and opportunities in terms of defining causal effects and performing inference. This manuscript provides multiple key methodological contributions: 1) we introduce principal causal estimands for continuous…
We propose Multivariate Lévy Adaptive B-Spline Regression (MLABS), a Bayesian nonparametric regression model designed to capture nonlinear effects, interactions, and locally varying features of multivariate functions. MLABS represents the regression function as a random sum of low-order tensor-product B-spline basis functions under a finite Lévy random measure prior. The resulting representation adapts to the complexity and local structure of the regression function while…
We develop a semiparametric continuous time inferential framework for testing cumulative treatment effects, including both immediate and carryover effects. The latent state process is modeled by an ordinary differential equation (ODE) whose drift depends on state and treatment, while the observed data are noisy measurements of this latent state at irregular, multi resolution time points. We define the average treatment effect (ATE) as the difference of expected cumulative…
We study inference for continuous linear functionals of solutions to ill-posed inverse problems, including Euclidean parameters arising in nonparametric instrumental variables, proximal causal inference, and shadow-variable models. Although pointwise root-$n$ inference is possible under standard conditions, we show that this need not translate into locally reliable inference. Under a model imposing only minimal regularity conditions, the target is Hellinger discontinuous…
Motivation: Mediation analysis is an important tool for elucidating causal mechanisms in biomedical research and has recently gained increasing attention in microbiome studies. Motivated by a microbiome study of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, we investigate whether the effect of induction chemotherapy intensity on infection status is mediated through gut microbial taxa. This problem poses substantial methodological challenges due to the high dimensionality, zero…