A tale of two option markets: Pricing kernels and volatility risk
两个期权市场的定价核与波动率风险AI 解读 ↓
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AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要以股票及VIX期权估计定价核,并讨论波动率状态与波动率风险定价,直接对应资产定价和波动率。
两个期权市场的定价核与波动率风险AI 解读 ↓
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Using both S&P 500 option and recently introduced VIX option prices, we study pricing kernels and their dependence on multiple volatility factors. We first propose nonparametric estimates of marginal pricing kernels, conditional on the VIX and the slope of the variance swap term structure. Our estimates highlight the state-dependence nature of the pricing kernels. In particular, conditioning on volatility factors, the pricing kernel of market returns exhibit a downward sloping shape up to the extreme end of the right tail. Moreover, the volatility pricing kernel features a striking U-shape, implying that investors have high marginal utility in both high and low volatility states. This finding on the volatility pricing kernel presents a new empirical challenge to both existing equilibrium and reduced-form asset pricing models of volatility risk. Finally, using a full-fledged parametric model, we recover the joint pricing kernel, which is not otherwise identifiable.