Test of independence using generalized distance correlation
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We study the fundamental statistical inference concerning the testing of independence between two random vectors. Existing asymptotic theories for test statistics based on distance covariance can only apply to either low-dimensional or high-dimensional settings and require stringent distributional assumptions. In this work we develop a new unified distributional theory of the sample generalized distance covariance that works for random vectors of arbitrary dimensions under fairly mild moment conditions. In particular, a Gaussian approximation result is established with a nonasymptotic error bound, and the asymptotic null distribution of the sample generalized distance covariance is shown to be distributed as a linear combination of independently and identically distributed chi-squared random variables. To estimate the asymptotic null distribution practically, we propose a half-permutation procedure and provide the theoretical justification for its validity. The exact asymptotic distribution of the resampling distribution is derived under general marginal moment conditions, and the proposed procedure is shown to be asymptotically equivalent to the oracle procedure with known marginal distributions.
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