Robust Semiparametric Inference for Bayesian Additive Regression Trees
贝叶斯加性回归树的稳健半参数推断AI 解读 ↓
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Bayesian additive regression trees (BART) provide a class of flexible nonparametric regressions in machine learning. Their rich tree-based structure can generate non-Donsker classes of regression functions. We study posterior inference for the population mean under missing at random. We derive a new Bernstein-von Mises (BvM) theorem showing that even a one-step posterior based on BART and Bayesian-bootstrap reweighting retains a non-negligible bias term in the non-Donsker regime. To remove this term, we introduce RoBART, a posterior correction that adjusts each draw using pilot estimators of the outcome regression and propensity score. We prove a BvM theorem for the corrected posterior and develop a cross-fitted version using fold-specific posteriors. We provide primitive assumptions tailored to BART. We show that the posterior mean coincides exactly with the conventional augmented inverse-probability-weighted (AIPW) estimator and, under cross-fitting, with the corresponding double machine learning (DML) estimator. RoBART therefore provides a posterior distribution with asymptotically valid uncertainty quantification around this well-established frequentist center. Simulations and an empirical illustration demonstrate competitive finite-sample performance relative to existing methods.
BART 模型的局部高斯过程外推及因果推断应用
Bayesian additive regression trees (BART) is a semi-parametric regression model offering state-of-the-art performance on out-of-sample prediction. Despite this success, standard implementations of BART typically provide inaccurate prediction and overly narrow prediction intervals at points outside the range of the training data. This paper proposes a novel extrapolation strategy that grafts Gaussian processes to the leaf nodes in BART for predicting points outside the range…
靶向深度生存对比:神经网络下处理特定生存收益的有效推断
Neural survival models are increasingly asked to support counterfactual claims---how much a treatment would change survival in a population---rather than only prognostic risk scores. Answering such questions from observational data requires valid inference for treatment-specific survival contrasts under confounding and covariate-dependent censoring, targets for which standard deep survival estimators are biased and provide no honest uncertainty. We propose Targeted Deep…
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Causal estimation of treatment effects within prespecified subgroups, such as biomarker-defined strata, disease phenotypes, or demographic groups are often of clinical interest. Bayesian approaches are attractive for subgroup effect estimation because flexible priors can represent complex treatment heterogeneity and propagate posterior uncertainty. Frequentist methods for prespecified causal subgroup analysis with time-to-event outcomes are also available, including…
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通过广义贝叶斯对参数模型进行自适应非参数扰动
Parametric Bayesian modeling offers a powerful and flexible toolbox for machine learning. Yet the model, however detailed, may still be wrong, and this can make inferences untrustworthy. In this paper we introduce a new class of semiparametric corrections for parametric Bayesian models, when the target of inference is a functional of the true data distribution. Our starting point is a fully Bayesian modeling approach, which explicitly accounts for the possibility that the…
用于因果推断的贝叶斯双重机器学习
This paper proposes a simple, novel, and fully-Bayesian approach for causal inference in partially linear models with high-dimensional control variables. Off-the-shelf machine learning methods can introduce biases in the causal parameter known as regularization-induced confounding. To address this, we propose a Bayesian Double Machine Learning (BDML) method, which modifies a standard Bayesian multivariate regression model and recovers the causal effect of interest from the…