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AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要围绕临床试验处理效果的估计目标与随机处理下的估计方法展开,直接对应因果效应估计方向。

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关注这篇论文的作者
Alessandra Ragni
Torben Martinussen
Thomas Scheike

患者加权存活期间估计目标的非参数估计

研究问题
反复住院等事件可能因死亡而提前终止时,如何以存活期间的患者加权指标评估处理效果,避免将早死误读为获益?
方法与思路
作者推导有效影响函数,并在不可逆疾病—死亡模型中构造一步估计量;对一般复发事件提出随机处理下的替代估计量。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称给出简化模型中的有效估计构造,并以更可行的替代方法处理复杂复发事件,在两个真实案例中展示应用。
阅读关注点
应核对患者加权指标的期望与比值如何安排、删失及死亡的处理、一步估计的适用范围,以及替代方法的效率依据。
阅读边界
这是arXiv预印本,不能确认同行评审或期刊接收;摘要仅称替代估计量预期具有高效率,未明确提供效率保证。

原文摘要

In clinical trials with recurrent events, such as repeated hospitalizations terminating with death, it is important to consider the patient events overall history for a thorough assessment of treatment effects. The occurrence of fewer events due to early deaths can lead to misinterpretation, emphasizing the importance of a while-alive strategy as suggested in Schmidli et al. (2023). In this study, we focus on the patient weighted while-alive estimand, represented as the expected number of events divided by the time alive within a target window, and develop efficient estimation for this estimand. Specifically, we derive the corresponding efficient influence function and develop a one-step estimator initially applied to the simpler irreversible illness-death model. For the broader context of recurrent events, due to the increased complexity, this one-step estimator is practically intractable due to likely misspecification of the needed conditional transition intensities that depend on a patient's unique history. Therefore, we suggest an alternative estimator that is expected to have high efficiency, focusing on the randomized treatment setting. Additionally, we apply our proposed estimator to two real-world case studies, demonstrating the practical applicability of this second estimator and benefits of this while-alive approach over currently available alternatives.

笔记与分组