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AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要直接研究时变处理的因果中介效应、识别与稳健估计,因此归入因果推断。

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关注这篇论文的作者
Tianchen Qian

密集纵向数据的动态因果中介分析

研究问题
在频繁测量的纵向数据中,如何刻画时变处理经由紧随其后的中介影响最终结局的路径,并处理复杂路径与中间混杂?
方法与思路
作者定义自然直接与间接偏离效应,推导有效影响函数,构造可结合机器学习与可选交叉拟合的多重稳健估计量。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称新效应可分解总偏离效应,估计量具有一致性与渐近正态性;处理分配机制已知时具有双重稳健性,并提供两项应用。
阅读关注点
核对效应的反事实定义、识别假设与中间混杂的处理方式,重点检查多重稳健性对应的模型组合及交叉拟合条件。
阅读边界
这是 arXiv 预印本,同行评审或期刊接收未核实;摘要未列出识别与渐近理论的具体条件,也未报告应用效应的数值。

原文摘要

Intensive longitudinal data, characterized by frequent measurements across numerous time points, are increasingly common due to advances in wearable devices and mobile health technologies. We consider evaluating causal mediation pathways between time-varying exposures, time-varying mediators, and a final, distal outcome using such data. Addressing mediation questions in these settings is challenging due to numerous potential exposures, complex mediation pathways, and intermediate confounding. Existing methods, such as interventional and path-specific effects, become impractical in intensive longitudinal data. We propose novel mediation effects termed natural direct and indirect excursion effects, which quantify mediation through the most immediate mediator following each treatment time. These effects are identifiable under plausible assumptions and decompose the total excursion effect. We derive efficient influence functions and propose multiply-robust estimators for these mediation effects. The estimators are multiply-robust and accommodate flexible machine learning algorithms and optional cross-fitting. In settings where the treatment assignment mechanism is known, such as the micro-randomized trial, the estimators are doubly-robust. We establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators. Our methodology is illustrated using real-world data from the HeartSteps micro-randomized trial and the SleepHealth observational study.

笔记与分组
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