Amortized Inference for Correlated Discrete Choice Models via Equivariant Neural Networks
通过等变神经网络实现相关误差离散选择模型的摊销推断AI 解读 ↓
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AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要直接研究相关随机效用误差下的选择概率、替代模式及最大似然估计,因此归入离散选择。
通过等变神经网络实现相关误差离散选择模型的摊销推断AI 解读 ↓
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Discrete choice models are fundamental tools in management science, economics, and marketing for understanding and predicting decision-making. Logit-based models are dominant in applied work, largely due to their convenient closed-form expressions for choice probabilities. However, they impose restrictive assumptions on the stochastic utility component, constraining our ability to capture realistic substitution patterns. We propose an amortized inference approach that relies on a neural network emulator to approximate choice probabilities for general error distributions, including those with correlated errors. We develop a specialized neural network architecture designed to respect the invariance properties of discrete choice models. We provide group-theoretic foundations for the architecture, including a proof of universal approximation given a minimal set of invariant features. Once trained, the emulator enables rapid likelihood evaluation and gradient computation. We use Sobolev training, augmenting the likelihood loss with a gradient-matching penalty, so that the emulator learns both choice probabilities and their derivatives. We show that emulator-based maximum likelihood estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal under mild approximation conditions, and we provide sandwich standard errors that remain valid for a psuedo-true parameter even with imperfect likelihood approximation. Simulations show significant gains over the GHK simulator in accuracy and speed.
动态离散选择与逆强化学习:从人类行为推断偏好和信念
This article surveys two deeply connected literatures that approach the same fundamental problem from different disciplinary traditions: dynamic discrete choice (DDC) in structural econometrics and inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) in machine learning. Both seek to infer the preferences of decision makers from observed sequential behavior, assuming that individuals act to maximize an expected reward function within a dynamic, uncertain environment formalized as a Markov…
二元选择模型准最大似然估计的斜率一致性
Although QMLE is generally inconsistent, logistic regression relying on the binary choice model (BCM) with logistic errors is widely used, especially in machine learning contexts with many covariates. This paper revisits the slope consistency of QMLE for BCMs. Ruud (1983) introduced a set of conditions under which QMLE may yield a constant multiple of the slope coefficient of BCMs asymptotically. However, he did not fully establish the slope consistency of QMLE, which…
受限因变量模型中可扩展的似然推断
Limited dependent variable models are central to empirical economics, but likelihood-based inference is infeasible when likelihoods involve high-dimensional integration over latent variables. This paper proposes Stochastically Estimated Gradient Ascent (SEGA), a scalable estimation approach for limited dependent variable models. Using Fisher's identity, SEGA replaces the intractable likelihood score with an unbiased augmented data score evaluated at a single conditional draw…
扰动效用模型的 Fenchel–Young 估计量
Perturbed Utility Models (PUMs) represent discrete choice as utility maximization under convex perturbation or regularization, encompassing a broad class of choice models, including Multinomial Logit (MNL) and models that permit zero choice probabilities. Because, for general perturbations, maximum likelihood may be non-convex, and the negative log-likelihood is infinite when a sparse model assigns zero probability to an observed choice, we specialize the Fenchel--Young…
结合协变量与稀疏内在得分的实体排序
This paper addresses the item ranking problem with associated covariates, focusing on scenarios where the preference scores can not be fully explained by covariates, and the remaining intrinsic scores are sparse. Specifically, we extend the pioneering Bradley-Terry-Luce (BTL) model by incorporating covariate information and considering sparse individual intrinsic scores. Our work introduces novel model identification conditions and examines the statistical rates of the…
Probit 回归中的强对数凹性
We show that strong log-concavity emerges in probit regression likelihoods without ridge penalization (i.e. Gaussian priors), unlike for the logistic case. Specifically, we provide: (a) a non-asymptotic characterization of strong log-concavity for fixed designs, similar to that for the existence of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and (b) an asymptotic analysis for random designs, in the proportional regime when the sample size $n$ and the number of covariates $d$ grow…