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分类依据与纠错

AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要以 Probit 模型、相关离散响应和大量备选项的选择数据为核心,因此最直接对应离散选择方向。

反馈分类问题

正在核对关联版本…

代码、数据与补充材料

正在核对对应版本的资源…

关注这篇论文的作者
Patrick Ding
Guido Imbens
Zhaonan Qu
Yinyu Ye

大型 Probit 模型的高效计算估计

研究问题
如何降低大型 Probit 模型中相关离散响应的估计成本,尤其解决截断高斯矩计算及识别约束带来的优化困难?
方法与思路
作者提出 EM 算法,在 E 步用期望传播近似截断多元正态矩,在 M 步借助对称识别条件化为一维 Newton 求解。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称,该方法可分析超过一百个备选项的相关选择数据,并用于研究 Expedia 酒店搜索结果的排序效应。
阅读关注点
应核对期望传播的近似误差、对称识别条件的含义、算法收敛与耗时,以及排序效应应用中的模型设定和识别依据。
阅读边界
这是 arXiv 预印本,同行评审及期刊接收未核实;摘要未说明近似误差界、全局收敛保证或应用结果的因果条件。

原文摘要

Probit models are useful for modeling correlated discrete responses in many disciplines, including consumer choice data in economics and marketing. However, the Gaussian latent variable feature of probit models coupled with identification constraints pose significant computational challenges for its estimation and inference, especially when the dimension of the discrete response variable is large. In this paper, we propose a computationally efficient Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm for estimating large probit models. Our work is distinct from existing methods in two important aspects. First, instead of simulation or sampling methods, we apply and customize expectation propagation (EP), a deterministic method originally proposed for approximate Bayesian inference, to estimate moments of the truncated multivariate normal (TMVN) in the E (expectation) step. Second, we take advantage of a symmetric identification condition to transform the constrained optimization problem in the M (maximization) step into a one-dimensional problem, which is solved efficiently using Newton's method instead of off-the-shelf solvers. Our method enables the analysis of correlated choice data in the presence of more than 100 alternatives, which is a reasonable size in modern applications, such as online shopping and booking platforms, but has been difficult in practice with probit models. We apply our probit estimation method to study ordering effects in hotel search results on Expedia's online booking platform.

笔记与分组
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