Sparsified-Learning for High-Dimensional Heavy-Tailed Locally Stationary Time Series, Concentration and Oracle Inequalities
高维重尾局部平稳时间序列的稀疏学习:集中与预言不等式AI 解读 ↓
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高维重尾局部平稳时间序列的稀疏学习:集中与预言不等式AI 解读 ↓
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Sparse learning is ubiquitous in many machine learning tasks. It aims to regularize the goodness-of-fit objective by adding a penalty term to encode structural constraints on the model parameters. In this paper, we develop a flexible sparse learning framework tailored to high-dimensional heavy-tailed locally stationary time series (LSTS). The data-generating mechanism incorporates a regression function that changes smoothly over time and is observed under noise belonging to the class of sub-Weibull and regularly varying distributions. We introduce a sparsity-inducing penalized estimation procedure that combines additive modeling with kernel smoothing and define an additive kernel-smoothing hypothesis class. In the presence of locally stationary dynamics, we assume exponentially decaying $β$-mixing coefficients to derive concentration inequalities for kernel-weighted sums of locally stationary processes with heavy-tailed noise. We further establish nonasymptotic prediction-error bounds, yielding both slow and fast convergence rates under different sparsity structures, including Lasso and total variation penalization with the least-squares loss. To support our theoretical results, we conduct numerical experiments on simulated LSTS with sub-Weibull and Pareto noise, highlighting how tail behavior affects prediction error across different covariate-dimensions as the sample size increases.
物理信息机器学习:数学框架及时间序列预测应用
Physics-informed machine learning (PIML) is an emerging framework that integrates physical knowledge into machine learning models. This physical prior often takes the form of a partial differential equation (PDE) system that the regression function must satisfy. In the first part of this dissertation, we analyze the statistical properties of PIML methods. In particular, we study the properties of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) in terms of approximation,…
高维动态主成分分析
Principal component analysis is a versatile tool to reduce dimensionality which has wide applications in statistics and machine learning. It is particularly useful for modeling data in high-dimensional scenarios where the number of variables p is comparable to, or much larger than the sample size n. Despite an extensive literature on this topic, researchers have focused on modeling static principal eigenvectors, which are not suitable for stochastic processes that are…
通过条件中心化进行非线性 Granger 因果的 RKHS 推断
Granger causality is commonly formulated through linear prediction in vector autoregressive models, limiting its ability to detect nonlinear predictive relationships. We propose a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS)-based test for nonlinear Granger non-causality in conditional mean for nonlinear autoregressive processes. The key idea is a conditional-centering decomposition of the target regression function into an own-history component and an orthogonal component…
谱密度矩阵的多元贝叶斯 P 样条估计及 LISA TDI 噪声应用
We present a Bayesian P-spline method for estimating the frequency-dependent cross-spectral density matrix of stationary multivariate time series. The inverse spectral matrix is parametrised through its frequency-varying Cholesky decomposition, which guarantees Hermitian positive definiteness at every frequency. Each real log-diagonal entry and each real and imaginary off-diagonal entry is given an independent penalised B-spline prior that controls smoothness. Inference uses…
比例时间序列的 Beta-GAM 隐 Markov 模型
We propose a hidden Markov model for univariate proportion time series taking values in (0,1), where regime switching captures latent structural changes and the emission distribution belongs to the Beta family. In each latent state, the Beta mean is linked to covariates through a generalized additive model (GAM) with spline-based smooth functions, while the Beta precision is state-specific, enabling flexible modeling of both nonlinear covariate effects and regime-dependent…
宏观与金融即时预测中的可解释机器学习:面向商业与政策决策的框架
Macroeconomic nowcasting sits at the intersection of traditional econometrics, data-rich information systems, and AI applications in business, economics, and policy. Machine learning (ML) methods are increasingly used to nowcast quarterly GDP growth, but adoption in high-stakes settings requires that predictive accuracy be matched by interpretability and robust uncertainty quantification. This article reviews recent developments in macroeconomic nowcasting and compares…