Selecting One of Two Treatments When the Responses are Dichotomous
二元治疗反应下的两种疗法选择AI 解读 ↓
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A decision theoretic approach to the design of a clinical trial is considered for the situation in which a total of N patients with a disease receive one of two treatments and the responses to the treatments are dichotomous. Two costs are considered: The cost of treating a patient with the inferior treatment and the cost of conducting the trial. Minimax and Bayes procedures are used to determine the optimum size of a fixed sample trial. Bayes solutions for the optimum sample size are given for a variety of beta prior distributions and various values of N. Minimax solutions are given for a variety of regions over which the minimaxing was performed, and for various values of N. The optimum sample sizes are found to be asymptotically proportional to N 1/2 using the Bayes procedure and N 2/3 using the minimax procedure. The consequences of erring in specifying the value of N are explored.
经验贝叶斯方法的稳健化
Two strategies are explored for robustifying classical denoising procedures for the Gaussian sequence model. First, the Hodges and Lehmann (1952) restricted Bayes approach is used to reduce sensitivity to the specification of the initial prior distribution. Second, alternatives to the Gaussian noise assumption are explored. In both cases proposals of Huber (1964) and Mallows (1978) play a crucial role.
RBF 核高斯过程最大似然估计的精确渐近理论
Gaussian processes (GPs) are widely used across machine learning, spatial statistics, time-series analysis, optimization, Bayesian statistics, and scientific applications. A central component of a GP model is its kernel, which is typically specified through a parametric family. Among the most widely used choices is the radial basis function (RBF), also known as the squared exponential or Gaussian kernel, owing to its simple form, smoothness, and flexibility. In practice, the…
Bayesian additive regression trees (BART) is a popular Bayesian ensemble model used in regression and classification analysis. Under this modeling framework, the regression function is approximated by an ensemble of decision trees, interpreted as weak learners. In this work, we propose a generalization of the BART model that has two main features: first, it automatically selects the number of decision trees using the given data; second, the model allows clusters of…
估计纵向因果剂量反应关系的贝叶斯框架
Existing causal methods for time-varying exposure and time-varying confounding focus on estimating the average causal effect of a time-varying binary treatment on an end-of-study outcome, offering limited tools for characterizing marginal causal dose-response relationships under continuous exposures. We propose a scalable, nonparametric Bayesian framework for estimating marginal longitudinal causal dose-response functions with repeated outcome measurements. Our approach…
内生性检验:一种基于矩的贝叶斯方法
A standard assumption in the Bayesian estimation of linear regression models is that the regressors are exogenous in the sense that they are uncorrelated with the model error term. In practice, however, this assumption can be invalid. In this article, using the exponentially tilted empirical likelihood (ETEL) framework, we develop a Bayes factor test for endogeneity that compares a base model that is correctly specified under exogeneity but misspecified under endogeneity…
凸正则化的谱依赖:右旋转不变设计下的基本极限
We study the fundamental limits of convex-regularized estimation in high-dimensional linear regression with right-rotationally invariant design matrices. We show that the asymptotic risks of convex-penalized least squares estimators are lower bounded by the risk of an approximate message passing algorithm known as Bayes VAMP, and we further characterize when the lower bound is attainable. As a technical ingredient in the proof of our lower bound theorem, we characterize the…