Forecasting With Model Uncertainty: Representations and Risk Reduction
模型不确定性下的预测:表示与风险降低AI 解读 ↓
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模型不确定性下的预测:表示与风险降低AI 解读 ↓
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We consider forecasting with uncertainty about the choice of predictor variables. The researcher wants to select a model, estimate the parameters, and use this for forecasting. We investigate the dis-tributional properties of a number of different schemes for model choice and parameter estimation: in-sample model selection using the Akaike information criterion, out-of-sample model selection, and splitting the data into subsamples for model selection and parameter estimation. Using a weak-predictor local asymptotic scheme, we provide a representation result that facilitates comparison of the distributional properties of the procedures and their associated forecast risks. We develop a sim-ulation procedure that improves the accuracy of the out-of-sample and split-sample methods uni-formly over the local parameter space. We also examine how bootstrap aggregation (bagging) affects the local asymptotic risk of the estimators and their associated forecasts. Numerically, we find that for many values of the local parameter, the out-of-sample and split-sample schemes perform poorly if implemented in the conventional way. But they perform well, if implemented in conjunction with our risk-reduction method or bagging.