A new Bayesian method for nonparametric capture-recapture models in presence of heterogeneity
存在异质性时非参数捕获—再捕获模型的新贝叶斯方法AI 解读 ↓
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存在异质性时非参数捕获—再捕获模型的新贝叶斯方法AI 解读 ↓
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The intrinsic heterogeneity of individuals is a potential source of bias in estimation procedures for capture‐recapture models. To account for this heterogeneity in the model a hierarchical structure has been proposed whereby the probabilities that each animal is caught on a single occasion are modelled as independent draws from a common unknown distribution F. However, there is general agreement that modelling F by a simple parametric curve may lead to unsatisfactory results. Here we propose an alternative Bayesian approach that relies on a different parameterisation which imposes no assumption on the shape of F but drives the problem back to a finite‐dimensional setting. Our approach avoids some identifiability issues related to such a recapture model while allowing for a formal Bayesian default analysis. Results of analyses of computer simulations and of real data show that the method performs well.
Principal stratification (PS) is a commonly used approach for understanding the mechanisms through which a treatment affects an outcome. The goal of this work is to extend the PS framework to studies with continuous treatments, which introduces a number of both challenges and opportunities in terms of defining causal effects and performing inference. This manuscript provides multiple key methodological contributions: 1) we introduce principal causal estimands for continuous…
处理是否有益?有序结局因果推断的贝叶斯方法
Randomized experiments with ordinal outcomes are common across scientific applications, but conventional causal estimands such as the average treatment effect are difficult to interpret because ordinal categories lack meaningful numerical spacing. Two interpretable estimands, the probabilities that the treatment is beneficial and strictly beneficial, depend on the joint distribution of the potential outcomes and are therefore not identifiable from observed data. The sharp…
析因多变量贝叶斯因果森林:多处理的异质主效应与交互效应
Many studies expose units to several binary treatments at once and record several correlated outcomes, yet analysts usually estimate one treatment's average effect on one outcome at a time -- discarding how treatments interact and how their effects vary across units. We introduce the factorial multivariate Bayesian causal forest, a Bayesian nonparametric model that decomposes the factorial response surface over the treatment lattice into a prognostic sum-of-trees plus one…
检测异质组织跨样本空间表达变异的灵活贝叶斯框架
Spatial transcriptomics measures gene expression alongside the spatial coordinates of each capture spot or cell across tissue samples. The detection of spatially variable (SV) genes, whose expression exhibits systematic spatial variation, enables the delineation of functional tissue domains and the identification of region-specific transcriptional changes that underlie disease heterogeneity. However, empirical evidence from spatial transcriptomics data indicates that…
正则化似然反卷积与后验密度重构
Density deconvolution is an ill-posed inverse problem because recovering the latent density amplifies high-frequency variation in the observed data. We propose a two-stage likelihood procedure. The first estimator maximizes the convolution likelihood over a regularized Gaussian-mixture sieve; the second treats this fit as an empirical prior and averages the fitted conditional latent densities. Under fixed-model misspecification, the estimators generally have different…
部分识别离散响应模型的非参数贝叶斯推断
This paper proposes a nonparametric Bayesian inference framework for partially identified discrete response models. The key observation is that these models map a reduced-form conditional choice probability to an identified set. Consequently, nonparametric Bayesian inference for the conditional probability mass function leads to Bayesian inference for the identified set. The inference framework nests conditional moment inequalities and linear systems with unknown…