Policy effect evaluation under counterfactual neighborhood interventions in the presence of spillover
存在溢出时反事实邻域干预下的政策效应评估AI 解读 ↓
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存在溢出时反事实邻域干预下的政策效应评估AI 解读 ↓
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Policy interventions can spill over to units of a population that are not directly exposed to the policy but are geographically close to the units receiving the intervention. In recent work, investigations of spillover effects on neighboring regions have focused on estimating the average treatment effect of a particular policy in an observed setting. Our research question broadens this scope by asking what policy consequences would the treated units have experienced under hypothetical exposure settings. When we only observe treated unit(s) surrounded by controls -- as is common when a policy intervention is implemented in a single city or state -- this effect inquires about the policy effects under a counterfactual neighborhood policy status that we do not, in actuality, observe. In this work, we extend difference-in-differences (DiD) approaches to spillover settings and develop identification conditions required to evaluate policy effects in counterfactual treatment scenarios. These causal quantities are policy-relevant for designing effective policies for populations subject to various neighborhood statuses. We develop doubly robust estimators and use extensive numerical experiments to examine their performance under heterogeneous spillover effects. We apply our proposed method to investigate the effect of the Philadelphia beverage tax on unit sales.
存在网络溢出的交错双重差分:识别与估计
This paper studies staggered difference-in-differences designs in which treated and comparison units can be exposed to other units' adoption. Using an exposure mapping specified by the researcher, we define realized and counterfactual exposure states and decompose the total effect into a switching effect of own adoption and a spillover effect under no own adoption. Conditional parallel trends identify the total and switching effects by matching, respectively, the…
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This paper evaluates the causal impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) adoption on productivity and systemic risk in the U.S. banking sector. Using a novel dataset linking SEC 10-Q filings to Federal Reserve regulatory data for 809 financial institutions over 2018--2025, we employ two complementary identification strategies: Dynamic Spatial Durbin Models (DSDM) to capture network spillovers and Synthetic Difference-in-Differences (SDID) for causal inference…
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Estimating causal effects under interference, where the stable unit treatment value assumption is violated, is critical in fields such as regional and public economics. Much of the existing research on causal inference under interference relies on a pre-specified "exposure mapping". This paper focuses on difference-in-difference and proposes a nonparametric identification strategy for direct and indirect average treatment effects under local interference on an observed…
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Estimating causal effects from observational network data faces dual challenges of network interference and unmeasured confounding. To address this, we propose a general Difference-in-Differences framework that integrates double negative controls (DNC) and graph neural networks (GNNs). Based on the modified parallel trends assumption and DNC, semiparametric identification of direct and indirect causal effects is established. We then propose doubly robust estimators.…
网络干扰下的双重差分
This paper develops doubly robust estimators for direct (DATT) and spillover (SATT) average treatment effects on the treated in network-based difference-in-differences (DiD) designs. Unlike standard DiD methods, the proposed approach explicitly accommodates treatment spillovers and high-dimensional network confounding arising from complex inter-unit dependencies. Identification relies on a conditional parallel-trends assumption that holds after adjusting for high-dimensional…
本地收益大、净收益小:波多黎各首次行业进入的直接与溢出效应
I study how first sizable industry entries reshape local and neighboring labor markets in Puerto Rico. Using over a decade of quarterly municipality--industry data (2014Q1--2025Q1), I identify ``first sizable entries'' as large, persistent jumps in establishments, covered employment, and wage bill, and treat these as shocks to local industry presence at the municipio--industry level. Methodologically, I combine staggered-adoption difference-in-differences estimators that are…