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AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要核心是缺失结果下的设计型因果检验与置信区域;干扰仅作为缺失机制中的允许因素,因此优先归入因果推断。

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Design-Based Causal Inference with Missing Outcomes: Missingness Mechanisms, Imputation-Assisted Randomization Tests, and Covariate Adjustment

结果缺失下的设计型因果推断:缺失机制、插补随机化检验与协变量调整

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代码、数据与补充材料

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关注这篇论文的作者
Siyu Heng
Jiawei Zhang
Yang Feng

结果缺失下的设计型因果推断:缺失机制、插补随机化检验与协变量调整

研究问题
随机实验结果存在缺失时,如何开展具有有限总体有效性的随机化检验,并在插补模型错误或复杂缺失机制下控制第一类错误?
方法与思路
作者提出一般缺失机制及插补后再插补的随机化检验框架,并扩展到协变量调整与缺失结果下的有限总体置信区域。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称在提出的缺失机制下,即使插补模型错设,或机制包含未观测协变量与干扰,框架仍能精确控制有限总体第一类错误率。
阅读关注点
应核对缺失机制施加的限制、检验零假设的具体形式,以及插补与再插补的随机化步骤和置信区域反演的有效性条件。
阅读边界
本文为 arXiv 预印本,同行评审及期刊接收未核实;摘要未列缺失机制条件,所称稳健性不能理解为对任意结果缺失均有效。

原文摘要

Design-based causal inference, also known as randomization-based or finite-population causal inference, is one of the most widely used causal inference frameworks, largely due to the merit that its validity can be guaranteed by study design (e.g., randomized experiments) and does not require assuming specific outcome-generating distributions or super-population models. Despite its advantages, design-based causal inference can still suffer from other issues, among which outcome missingness is a prevalent and significant challenge. This work systematically studies the outcome missingness problem in design-based causal inference. First, we propose a general and flexible outcome missingness mechanism that can facilitate finite-population-exact randomization tests of no treatment effect. Second, under this general missingness mechanism, we propose a general framework called ``imputation and re-imputation" for conducting randomization tests in design-based causal inference with missing outcomes. We prove that our framework can still ensure finite-population-exact type-I error rate control even when the imputation model was misspecified or when unobserved covariates or interference exist in the missingness mechanism. Third, we extend our framework to conduct covariate adjustment in randomization tests and construct finite-population-valid confidence regions with missing outcomes. Our framework is evaluated via extensive simulation studies and applied to a large-scale randomized experiment.

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