Factor Models of Matrix-Valued Time Series: Nonstationarity and Cointegration
矩阵值时间序列的因子模型:非平稳性与协整AI 解读 ↓
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矩阵值时间序列的因子模型:非平稳性与协整AI 解读 ↓
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In this paper, we consider the nonstationary matrix-valued time series with common stochastic trends. Unlike the traditional factor analysis which flattens matrix observations into vectors, we adopt a matrix factor model in order to fully explore the intrinsic matrix structure in the data, allowing interaction between the row and column stochastic trends, and subsequently improving the estimation convergence. It also reduces the computation complexity in estimation. The main estimation methodology is built on the eigenanalysis of sample row and column covariance matrices when the nonstationary matrix factors are of full rank and the idiosyncratic components are temporally stationary, and is further extended to tackle a more flexible setting when the matrix factors are cointegrated and the idiosyncratic components may be nonstationary. Under some mild conditions which allow the existence of weak factors, we derive the convergence theory for the estimated factor loading matrices and nonstationary factor matrices. In particular, the developed methodology and theory are applicable to the general case of heterogeneous strengths over weak factors. An easy-to-implement ratio criterion is adopted to consistently estimate the size of latent factor matrix. Both simulation and empirical studies are conducted to examine the numerical performance of the developed model and methodology in finite samples.
马克思主义平均利润率分析的部门排除标准:美国1960—2020年
The long term estimation of the Marxist average rate of profit does not adhere to a theoretically grounded standard regarding which economic activities should or should not be included for such purposes, which is relevant because methodological non uniformity can be a significant source of overestimation or underestimation, generating a less accurate reflection of the capital accumulation dynamics. This research aims to provide a standard Marxist decision criterion regarding…
具有共同随机趋势的大规模曲线时间序列
This paper studies high-dimensional curve time series with common stochastic trends. A dual functional factor model structure is adopted with a high-dimensional factor model for the observed curve time series and a low-dimensional factor model for the latent curves with common trends. A functional PCA technique is applied to estimate the common stochastic trends and functional factor loadings. Under some regularity conditions we derive the mean square convergence and limit…
具有局部单位根的数据中的伪因子
This paper extends the spurious factor analysis of Onatski and Wang (2021, Spurious factor analysis. Econometrica , 89(2), 591–614.) to high-dimensional data with heterogeneous local-to-unit roots. We find a spurious factor phenomenon similar to that observed in the data with unit roots. Namely, the “factors” estimated by the principal components analysis converge to principal eigenfunctions of a weighted average of the covariance kernels of the demeaned Ornstein–Uhlenbeck…
大型非平稳数据集的共同趋势检验
We propose a testing-based procedure to determine the number of common trends in a large nonstationary dataset. Our procedure is based on a factor representation, where we determine whether there are (and how many) common factors (i) with linear trends, and (ii) with stochastic trends. Cointegration among the factors is also permitted. Our analysis is based on the fact that those largest eigenvalues of a suitably scaled covariance matrix of the data corresponding to the…
伪因子分析
This paper draws parallels between the principal components analysis of factorless high‐dimensional nonstationary data and the classical spurious regression. We show that a few of the principal components of such data absorb nearly all the data variation. The corresponding scree plot suggests that the data contain a few factors, which is corroborated by the standard panel information criteria. Furthermore, the Dickey–Fuller tests of the unit root hypothesis applied to the…
近单位根交互效应面板中的因子分析方法
In a recent study, Bai (2013) proposes a new factor analytical (FA) method for estimation of stationary dynamic panel data models with fixed effects. Our interest in this method originates with the fact it does not require explicit demeaning of the data, a practice that is known to cause problems of bias and low power in near unit root panels. The purpose is to study the properties of FA when applied to such panels when the common component admits to a interactive effects…