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AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要直接讨论异方差结构方程模型的因果可识别性与因果图学习。

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关注这篇论文的作者
Naiyu Yin
Tian Gao
Yue Yu
Qiang Ji

可识别异方差噪声模型下的有效因果发现

研究问题
当噪声方差在变量之间和观测之间均可能变化时,如何放松同方差限制,并从数据识别和学习因果有向无环图?
方法与思路
作者提出一般结构方程模型可识别的充分条件,构造考虑异方差的图学习目标,并设计两阶段迭代算法。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称,在所提条件下证明一类模型的可识别性,并在合成和真实数据上展示相对于现有方法的经验表现改善。
阅读关注点
应核对充分条件的具体形式、异方差建模方式,以及两阶段优化如何实施、比较实验是否覆盖识别条件失效的情形。
阅读边界
所给版本为 arXiv 预印本,同行评审和期刊接收均未核实;摘要未列明充分条件,也未给出经验改善的具体幅度。

原文摘要

Capturing the underlying structural causal relations represented by Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) has been a fundamental task in various AI disciplines. Causal DAG learning via the continuous optimization framework has recently achieved promising performance in terms of both accuracy and efficiency. However, most methods make strong assumptions of homoscedastic noise, i.e., exogenous noises have equal variances across variables, observations, or even both. The noises in real data usually violate both assumptions due to the biases introduced by different data collection processes. To address the issue of heteroscedastic noise, we introduce relaxed and implementable sufficient conditions, proving the identifiability of a general class of SEM subject to these conditions. Based on the identifiable general SEM, we propose a novel formulation for DAG learning that accounts for the variation in noise variance across variables and observations. We then propose an effective two-phase iterative DAG learning algorithm to address the increasing optimization difficulties and to learn a causal DAG from data with heteroscedastic variable noise under varying variance. We show significant empirical gains of the proposed approaches over state-of-the-art methods on both synthetic data and real data.

笔记与分组