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AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要聚焦临床试验的先验引导与样本量规划,未明确涉及所列计量经济学细分方向。

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关注这篇论文的作者
James Salsbury
Jeremy Oakley
Steven Julious
Lisa Hampson

延迟治疗效应下临床试验设计的保证概率方法

研究问题
当治疗效应延迟出现、关键参数存在不确定性时,如何计算试验保证概率,以支持样本量规划和研究启动决策?
方法与思路
作者提出适用于延迟治疗效应的先验引导技术,并利用所得先验分布计算贝叶斯保证概率,提供实践示例和开源软件。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称该方法将关键参数的不确定性纳入试验规划,具有改善免疫肿瘤学及其他延迟效应治疗三期试验效率的潜力。
阅读关注点
应核对延迟效应的建模方式、先验引导流程、保证概率对应的成功标准,以及样本量计算对先验选择的敏感程度。
阅读边界
这是 arXiv 预印本,不能据此认定已同行评审或期刊接收;摘要未说明具体模型条件,也未量化试验成功率的改善。

原文摘要

An assurance calculation is a Bayesian alternative to a power calculation. One may be performed to aid the planning of a clinical trial, specifically setting the sample size or to support decisions about whether or not to perform a study. Immuno-oncology is a rapidly evolving area in the development of anticancer drugs. A common phenomenon that arises in trials of such drugs is one of delayed treatment effects, that is, there is a delay in the separation of the survival curves. To calculate assurance for a trial in which a delayed treatment effect is likely to be present, uncertainty about key parameters needs to be considered. If uncertainty is not considered, the number of patients recruited may not be enough to ensure we have adequate statistical power to detect a clinically relevant treatment effect and the risk of an unsuccessful trial is increased. We present a new elicitation technique for when a delayed treatment effect is likely and show how to compute assurance using these elicited prior distributions. We provide an example to illustrate how this can be used in practice and develop open-source software to implement our methods. Our methodology has the potential to improve the success rate and efficiency of Phase III trials in immuno-oncology and for other treatments where a delayed treatment effect is expected to occur.

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