Hierarchical Bayesian spectral analysis of multiple stationary time series
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多条平稳时间序列的分层贝叶斯谱分析AI 解读 ↓
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The power spectrum of biomedical time series provides important indirect measurements of physiological processes underlying health and biological functions. However, simultaneously characterizing power spectra for multiple time series remains challenging due to extra spectral variability and varying time series lengths. We propose a method for hierarchical Bayesian estimation of stationary time series (HBEST) that provides an interpretable framework for efficiently modeling multiple power spectra. HBEST models log power spectra using a truncated cosine basis expansion with a novel global-local coefficient decomposition, enabling simultaneous estimation of population-level and individual-level power spectra and accommodating time series of varying lengths. The fully Bayesian framework provides shrinkage priors for regularized estimation and efficient information sharing. Simulations demonstrate HBEST's advantages over competing methods in computational efficiency and estimation accuracy. An application to heart rate variability time series demonstrates HBEST's ability to accurately characterize power spectra and capture associations with traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
收缩与稀疏估计的贝叶斯方法
In all areas of human knowledge, datasets are increasing in both size and complexity, creating the need for richer statistical models. This trend is also true for economic data, where high-dimensional and nonlinear/nonparametric inference is the norm in several fields of applied econometric work. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the reader to the world of Bayesian model determination, by surveying modern shrinkage and variable selection algorithms and methodologies.…
动态预测计量建模中的大数据
The modern economic environment is awash in Big Data. The business models of many of today’s largest and most innovative firms, for example, are intimately connected to data collection and processing. Closely related, all of science is now similarly awash in Big Data, due to massive advances in data capture and storage technology, typically in conjunction with the internet.1 Time-series econometrics is no exception, and the time-series community is beginning to confront Big…
用收缩先验建模动态相关矩阵
Estimating time-varying correlation matrices is challenging because existing methods may adapt slowly to structural changes, impose insufficient regularization, or produce diffuse posterior uncertainty. In moderate dimensions, an additional difficulty is summarizing the estimated evolving dependence structure for downstream decision-making tasks. We propose a Bayesian approach based on a low-rank factor representation, with latent states evolving under a dynamic shrinkage…
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We develop a class of linear state space models for matrix-valued time series data where the state is a latent matrix normal process. We derive matrix versions of the Kalman filter, log-likelihood, and smoother enabling estimation of the latent state matrix as well as the model's parameters. To conduct Bayesian inference, we provide algorithms that draw from the joint posterior distribution of the latent state matrices conditional on the observed data and parameters. We…
用于因果推断与模型发现的连续时间集合 Kalman–Bucy 平滑器
Data assimilation (DA) integrates observational information with model predictions to improve state estimation in complex systems. While filtering provides the basis for online forecasts by using only past and present observations, it can exhibit delays and biases when the underlying dynamics evolve rapidly or undergo regime transitions. Smoothing, which additionally incorporates future observations, provides a natural pipeline for hindcasting and reanalysis that yields an…
拟最大似然断点估计的锐信噪比阈值
We establish a sharp pathwise signal-to-noise criterion for quasi-maximum-likelihood (QML) estimation of a dominant breakpoint in the second-moment structure of a multivariate time series: the QML estimator is consistent whenever the between-regime contrast exceeds the within-regime fluctuation by an explicit factor, and below this threshold global recovery can fail. Two innovations drive the result. First, the framework is pathwise: no stochastic model is imposed on the…