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AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要明确研究负对照结局、未观测混杂控制及已处理者平均因果效应的识别与估计,直接属于因果推断。

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关注这篇论文的作者
Chan Park
David Richardson

单代理混杂控制

研究问题
能否仅用一个负对照结局识别并估计已处理者的平均因果效应,同时摆脱秩保持和个体处理效应恒定的要求,允许效应异质性?
方法与思路
作者建立非参数 COCA 识别结果,并提出扩展倾向得分、结局桥函数和双重稳健三类估计策略,以巴西寨卡疫情与出生率作说明。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称无需秩保持即可识别已处理者平均效应,允许不受该限制的个体效应异质性,并提供区别于双代理方法的单代理控制。
阅读关注点
核对单代理识别仍需满足的完整条件、负对照结局的有效性、三种估计策略之间的关系,以及双重稳健性质的确切范围。
阅读边界
这是 arXiv 预印本,同行评审或期刊接收未核验;摘要未列完整识别条件,取消秩保持不表示任意单一代理都能消除隐藏混杂。

原文摘要

Negative control variables are sometimes used in non-experimental studies to detect the presence of confounding by hidden factors. A negative control outcome (NCO) is an outcome that is influenced by unobserved confounders of the exposure effects on the outcome in view, but is not causally impacted by the exposure. Tchetgen Tchetgen (2013) introduced the Control Outcome Calibration Approach (COCA) as a formal NCO counterfactual method to detect and correct for residual confounding bias. For identification, COCA treats the NCO as an error-prone proxy of the treatment-free counterfactual outcome of interest, and involves regressing the NCO on the treatment-free counterfactual, together with a rank-preserving structural model which assumes a constant individual-level causal effect. In this work, we establish nonparametric COCA identification for the average causal effect for the treated, without requiring rank-preservation, therefore accommodating unrestricted effect heterogeneity across units. This nonparametric identification result has important practical implications, as it provides single proxy confounding control, in contrast to recently proposed proximal causal inference, which relies for identification on a pair of confounding proxies. For COCA estimation we propose three separate strategies: (i) an extended propensity score approach, (ii) an outcome bridge function approach, and (iii) a doubly-robust approach. Finally, we illustrate the proposed methods in an application evaluating the causal impact of a Zika virus outbreak on birth rate in Brazil.

笔记与分组
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