跳到正文
← 返回论文列表与筛选
阅读说明

本页整理公开书目信息,不生成学术质量评分。AI 解读根据题名及所注明的摘要或原文片段生成,未完成全文核验,可能有误;具体假设、证明与结论请核对原文。摘要保留来源文本,未经模型改写。

DOI 首次登记不等于接收或发表日期。部分更正、评论等条目没有独立摘要;缺少可靠材料时保留待补状态。

引用量采用 OpenAlex 单条关联记录,不合计多个记录;关联记录可能包含正式发表版本,不等于此版本单独引用。缺失不视为零,引用指标不代表论文质量。

关注作者按书目中的完整姓名匹配,同名和姓名变体需人工辨别。相关论文先按共享细分方向和具体方法排列,再参考通用方法与发表日期。

分类依据与纠错

AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要以随机占优比较污染排放的完整分布,并强调均值以外的分布差异,直接对应分布分析方向。

反馈分类问题

正在核对关联版本…

代码、数据与补充材料

正在核对对应版本的资源…

关注这篇论文的作者
Esfandiar Maasoumi
Daniel L. Millimet

美国环境质量近期趋势的稳健推断

研究问题
仅比较污染均值或特定指数可能遗漏分布差异,如何判断美国有毒排放分布随时间是否明确改善并比较地区差异?
方法与思路
作者借助随机占优检验比较当前与过去的有毒排放分布,使用美国 EPA 数据,并考察收入调整后的污染及地区差异。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称空气、土地、地下和总排放的后期无条件分布呈一阶占优改善,收入调整后仍改善,且存在稳健地区差异。
阅读关注点
应核对低排放作为改善的占优方向、各分布的观测单位、收入调整方式,以及占优检验和地区比较的不确定性。
阅读边界
仅据所给 Crossref 摘要,抽样结构、收入调整及检验细节未说明;排放分布改善不直接证明政策因果效应或健康收益。

原文摘要

Abstract Understanding trends in environmental quality is important for individuals and policymakers. Typically, trends in environmental quality are determined solely through comparisons of unconditional or conditional mean pollution levels. However, reaching unambiguous conclusions on the basis of only the first moment of the (unconditional or conditional) distribution is problematic since it ignores what is occurring in different regions of the distribution. Even relying on indices that incorporate both mean and variance is suspect to the extent that relative rankings are not typically robust to index choice. Addressing these concerns, we adapt recent developments in the stochastic dominance literature to test for unambiguous relations between current and past distributions of toxic releases. Using EPA data from 1988–1999, we find statistically significant evidence that the unconditional 1999 distributions of air, land, underground and total toxic releases dominate in a first‐degree sense their respective 1988 distributions. While some of this improvement is explained by economic growth, pollution net‐of‐income improved over the sample period as well. Finally, we document robust differences in the distribution of pollution across regions in the US. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

笔记与分组