A Generalized Moments Specification Test of the Proportional Hazards Model
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This article describes a generalized moments specification test of the semiparametric proportional hazards model of Cox. In contrast to other specification tests for this model, the generalized moments test is applicable in the presence of continuous explanatory variables and does not require assigning the data to predetermined cells. The results of a Monte Carlo investigation suggest that the generalized moments test has good finite-sample properties and that it is more powerful than other available tests for models with continuous explanatory variables when the alternative is an accelerated failure time model. The test is based on generalized residuals for the proportional hazards model. When the model is correct, the generalized residuals have asymptotically the (possibly censored) unit exponential distribution. The generalized moments are means of functions of the generalized residuals. The generalized moments have known values when the generalized residuals have the unit exponential distribution, and an asymptotic χ 2 statistic tests for whether the differences between sample analogs of the generalized moments and the known values are larger than can be explained by random sampling errors.
We develop a semiparametric continuous time inferential framework for testing cumulative treatment effects, including both immediate and carryover effects. The latent state process is modeled by an ordinary differential equation (ODE) whose drift depends on state and treatment, while the observed data are noisy measurements of this latent state at irregular, multi resolution time points. We define the average treatment effect (ATE) as the difference of expected cumulative…
This article introduces a framework for evaluating statistical decisions under both prior ambiguity and likelihood misspecification. We begin with an ambiguity set - a frequentist model that pairs a possibly misspecified likelihood with every possible prior - and uniformly expand it by a Kullback-Leibler radius to accommodate likelihood misspecification. We show that optimal decisions under this framework are equivalent to minimax decisions with an exponentially tilted loss…
嵌套工具变量分析:转换者平均处理效应及可推广性
Instrumental variables (IVs) are widely used to estimate causal effects from non-randomized data. A canonical example is a randomized trial with noncompliance, in which the randomized treatment assignment serves as an IV for the non-ignorable treatment received. Under a monotonicity assumption, a valid IV nonparametrically identifies the average treatment effect among a latent complier subgroup, whose generalizability is often under debate. In many studies, there exist…
We study nonparametric inference for a continuous-treatment causal dose-response curve and its first derivative under unmeasured confounding, using treatment- and outcome-inducing proxies. We establish a proximal doubly robust pseudo-outcome whose conditional mean given treatment equals the dose-response curve whenever either bridge function is correctly specified. Their (smoothed) efficient influence function representations lead to cross-fitted local-polynomial estimators…
针对协变量完全缺失的增广迁移回归学习
Abstract Large-scale population-level datasets, such as the UK Biobank and the All of Us Research Program, often lack covariates needed for a specific analysis, such as genetic or lifestyle measures, while related studies measure them. This creates a cross-population missing-data problem in which covariates are completely unobserved in the target population, rather than partially missing within one dataset. We propose an augmented transfer regression learning method for this…
前门模型下因果效应的灵活非参数推断
Abstract Evaluating causal treatment effects in observational studies requires addressing confounding. While the back-door criterion enables identification through adjustment for observed covariates, it fails in the presence of unmeasured confounding. The front-door criterion offers an alternative by leveraging variables that fully mediate the treatment effect and are unaffected by unmeasured confounders of the treatment-outcome pair. We develop novel one-step and targeted…